概率论 [Probability Theory] 下载 mobi epub pdf 电子书 2024

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内容简介

　　《概率论》以英文的形式介绍了高等学校概率论方面的知识。The subject matter of probability theory is the mathematical analysis of random events， that is, of those empirical phenomena which do not have deterministic regularity but possess some statistical regularity.

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目录

chapter 1 events and probabilities
1.1 random phenomena and statistical regularity
1.1.1 random phenomena
1.1.2 the statistical definition of probability
1.2 classical probability models
1.2.1 sample points and sample spaces
1.2.2 classical probability models
1.2.3 geometric probability models
1.3 the axiomatic definition of probability
1.3.1 events
1.3.2 probability space
1.3.3 continuity of probability measure
1.4 conditional probability and independent events
1.4.1 conditional probability
1.4.2 total probability formula and bayes’rule
1.4.3 independent events

chapter 2 random variables and distribution functions
2.1 discrete random variables
2.1.1 the concept of random variables
2.1.2 discrete random variables
2.2 distribution functions and continuous random variables
2.2.1 distribution functions
2.2.2 continuous random variables and density functions
2.2.3 typical continuous random variables
2.3 random vectors
2.3.1 discrete random vectors
2.3.2 joint distribution functions
2.3.3 continuous random vectors
2.4 conditional distributions and independence
2.4.1 conditional distributions
2.4.2 i ndependence of random variables
2.5 functions of random variables
2.5.1 functions of discrete random variables
2.5.2 functions of continuous random variables
2.5.3 functions of continuous random vectors
2.5.4 transforms of random vectors
2.5.5 important distributions in statistics

chapter 3 numerical characteristics and characteristic functions
3.1 mathematical expectations
3.1.1 expectations for discrete random variables
3.1.2 expectations of continuous random variables
chapter 4 probability limit theorems
appendix a distribution of typical random variables
appendix b tables
index

前言/序言

The subject matter of probability theory is the mathematical analysis of random events
概率论 [Probability Theory] 下载 mobi epub pdf txt 电子书 格式

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概率

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(当P(B)不等于零时)。若B给之A的条件机率和A的机率相同时，则称A和B为独

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概率

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概率

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数学家和精算师认为机率是在0至1之间之闭区间的数字，指定给一发生与失败是随机的“事件”。机率P(A)根据机率公理来指定给事件A。一事件A在一事件B确定发生后会发生的机率称为B给之A的条件机率；其数值为

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概率

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立事件。且A和B的此一关系为对称的，这可以由一同价叙述：“，当A和B为独立事件时。”中看出。机率论中的两个重要概念为随机变量和随机变量之机率分布这两种概念。 作为数学统计基础的概率论的创始人分别是法国数学家帕斯卡和费马。

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后来为了使游戏更刺激，游戏规则发生了些许变化，玩家这回用 2 个骰子连续掷 24 次，不同时出现2个6点，玩家赢，否则庄家赢。当时人们普遍认为，2 次出现 6 点的概率是一次出现 6 点的概率的 1 / 6 ，因此 6 倍于前一种规则的次数，也既是 24 次赢或输的概率与以前是相等的。然而事实却刚好相反，从长期来看，这回庄家处于输家的状态，于是他们去请教当时的数学家帕斯卡，求助其对这种现象作出解释，这个问题的解决直接推动了概率论的产生。

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(当P(B)不等于零时)。若B给之A的条件机率和A的机率相同时，则称A和B为独

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