内容简介
《拓扑空间》是一部本科生学习拓扑空间的基础教程。引导读者很好的学习拓扑中有关几何的东西什么是最重要的。《拓扑空间》的内容分为三大部分,线和面、矩阵空间和拓扑空间。书中将大量的数学词汇概念囊括其中,不要求读者对简单定理或者集合知识十分了解,从而减少读者理解上的难度。收敛定理的应用在帮助读者抓住重点的同时,逐渐接触并理解拓扑的概念,书中的知识点步步逼近,前九节重在为本科生讲述矩阵空间的知识,同时也包括了大量的材料,这些将成为研究生学习的教程。
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目录
Preface
PART Ⅰ THE LINE AND THE PLANE
Chapter 1 What Topology Is About
Topological Equivalence
Continuity and Convergence
A Few Conventions
Extra: Topological Diversions
Exercises
Chapter 2 Axioms for R
Extra: Axiom Systems
Exercises
Chapter 3 Convergent Sequences and Continuity
Subsequences
Uniform Continuity
The Plane
Extra: Bolzano (1781-1848)
Exercises
ChaPter 4 Curves in the Plane
Curves
Homeomorphic Sets
Brouwer's Theorem
Extra: L.E.J. Brouwer (1881-1966)
PART Ⅱ METRI SPACES
Chapter 5 Metrics
Extra: Camille Jordan (1838-1922)
Exercises
Chapter 6 Open and Closed Sets
Subsets of a Metric Space
Collections of Sets
Similar Metrics
Interior and Closure
The Empty Set
Extra: Cantor (1845-1918)
Exercises
Chapter 7 Completeness
Extra: Meager Sets and the Mazur Game
Exercises
Chapter 8 Uniform Convergence
Extra: Spaces of Continuous Functions
Exercises
Chapter 9 Sequential Compactness
Extra: The p-adic Numbers
Exercises
Chapter 10 Convergent Nets
Inadequacy of Sequences
Convergent Nets
-Extra: Knots
Exercises
Chapter 11 Transition to TOpology
Generalized Convergence
Topologies
Extra: The Emergence of the Professional Mathematician
Exercises
PART Ⅲ TOPOLOGICAL SPACES
Chapter 12 Topological Spaces
Extra: Map Coloring
Exercises
Chapter 13 Compactness and the Hausdorff Property
Compact Spaces
Hausdorff Spaces
Extra: Hausdorff and the Measure Problem
Exercises
Chapter 14 Products and Quotients
Product Spaces
Quotient Spaces
Extra: Surfaces
Exercises
Chapter 15 The Hahn-Tietze-Tong-Urysohn Theorems
Urysohn's Lemma
Interpolation and Extension
Extra: Nonstandard Mathematics
Exercises
Chapter 16 Connectedness
Connected Spaces
The Jordan Theorem
Extra: Continuous Deformation of Curves
Exercises
Chapter 17 Tvchonoffs Theorem
Extra: The Axiom of Choice
Exercises
PAler Ⅳ PosTsciuer
Chapter 18 A Smorgasbord for Further Study
Countability Conditions
Separation Conditions
Compactness Conditions
Compactifications
Connectivity Conditions
Extra: Dates from the History of General Topology
Exercises
Chapter 19 Countable Sets
Extra: The Continuum Hypothesis
A Farewell to the Reader
Literature
Index of Symbols
Index of Terms
前言/序言
拓扑空间 [Topological Spaces: From Distance to Neighborhood] 下载 mobi epub pdf txt 电子书 格式
拓扑空间 [Topological Spaces: From Distance to Neighborhood] 下载 mobi pdf epub txt 电子书 格式 2024
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考虑一个曲面到自身的连续变换(映射),即曲面的每一点被移到该曲面上的新的位置,连续是指互相邻近的点被移到互相邻近的点,新旧位置相同的点叫作这变换的不动点。随后,每个不动点也有个“指数”,即当动点绕它一周时,从动点指向其像点的向量转动的圈数。拓扑学家们发现,曲面到自身的映射的不动点个数如果是有限的,它们的指数的代数和不会因对这映射做细微的修改而改变,因而可从这映射的某些粗略的特征计算出来。特别是对于实心圆上的映射,指数和恒为1,所以实心圆到自身的映射总有不动点。
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初等实例
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东西不错,希望一直好用。
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5 Algebraic Curves and Riemann Surfaces, Rick Miranda (1995, ISBN
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在微积分学中,实一维欧几里得空间R′上的开集具有性质:
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2 Combinatorial Rigidity, Jack Graver, Brigitte Servatius, Herman Servatius (1993, ISBN 978-0-8218-3801-3)
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1 The General Topology of Dynamical Systems, Ethan Akin (1993, ISBN 978-0-8218-4932-3)[1]
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编辑本段
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拓扑空间(topological space),赋予拓扑结构的集合。如果对一个非空集合X给予适当的结构,使之能引入微积分中的极限和连续的概念,这样的结构就称为拓扑,具有拓扑结构的空间称为拓扑空间。引入拓扑结构的方法有多种,如邻域系、开集系、闭集系、闭包系、内部系等不同方法。
拓扑空间 [Topological Spaces: From Distance to Neighborhood] mobi epub pdf txt 电子书 格式下载 2024