——哲学不会使我们富有,却会令我们自由。——
The Story of Philosophy《哲学的故事》是美国哲学家威尔?杜兰特的经典力作。自问世以来,经久畅销不衰。出版头一年连续再版22次,迅速译成18种语言,掀起全球哲学热潮。
本书是英文原版,用讲故事的方法,介绍了有史以来的主要哲学家的生平及其观点,从苏格拉底、柏拉图、亚里士多德到叔本华、尼采再到柏格森,罗素、杜威等。在阐述每位哲学家思想的同时,生动地介绍了他们生活的时代背景、生活境遇和情感经历。威尔?杜兰特以其一贯的渊博学识、深入浅出的行文,成功地将看似艰深的哲学写得极富人情。因为,思想的发展也是一部激动人心的浪漫传奇。
“杜兰特首先是一个历史学家,他博闻强识,能将过去与当下融会贯通。也因此,他又被誉为20世纪重要的哲学家之一。” —— 杜威
“《哲学的故事》在普及哲学上做了一项开创性的工作。有的地方朗朗上口,令人想大声读出来!”—— 威尔?罗杰斯(美国作家,社会评论家)
“《哲学的故事》或许还可以叫‘哲学之美’,因为威尔?杜兰特对所有的思想赋予一种同等的爱和理解、批评和吸收。他的目的不仅仅是写哲学史,而且让我们随同这些伟大的哲学家们在思想领域一起探索进步。”——《星期六评论》
The Story of Philosophy chronicles the ideas of the great thinkers, the economic and intellectual environments which influenced them, and the personal traits and adventures out of which each philosophy grew.
A brilliant and concise account of the lives and ideas of the great philosophers—Plato, Aristotle, Bacon, Spinoza, Voltaire, Kant, Schopenhauer, Spencer, Nietzsche, Bergson, Croce, Russell, Santayana, James and Dewey—The Story of Philosophy is one of the great books of our time. Few write for the nonspecialist as well as Will Durant, and this book is a splendid example of his eminently readable scholarship. Durant's insight and wit never cease to dazzle; The Story of Philosophy is a key book for any reader who wishes to survey the history and development of philosophical ideas in the Western world.
威尔?杜兰特(Will Durant,1885―1981),普利策奖和自由勋章获得者。他用五十多年的时间写就一系列广受好评的重要著作,《哲学的故事》、十一卷本《世界文明史》(后几卷是他和妻子阿里尔的合著)、《历史上伟大的思想》等。其终生致力于将哲学从学术象牙塔中解放出来,让它进入普通人的生活。《哲学的故事》出版后,首年连续再版22次,迅速译成18种语言,掀起了全球哲学热潮。
WILL DURANT (1885-1981) was awarded the Pulitzer Prize (1968) and the Presidential Medal of Freedom (1977). He spent over fifty years writing his critically acclaimed eleven-volume series, The Story of Civilization (the later volumes written in conjunction with his wife, Ariel). A champion of human rights issues such as the brotherhood of man and social reform long before such issues were popular, Durant, through his writings, continues to educate and entertain readers the world over.
目 录 Preface to the Second EditionPreface to the Second Edition
To the Reader
Introduction: On the Uses of Philosophy
Chapter 1: Plato
I. The Context of Plato
II. Socrates
III. The Preparation of Plato
IV. The Ethical Problem
V. The Political Problem
VI. The Psychological Problem
VII. The Psychological Solution
VIII. The Political Solution
IX. The Ethical Solution
X. Criticism
Chapter 2: Aristotle and Greek Science
I. The Historical Background
II. The Work of Aristotle
III. The Foundation of Logic
IV. The Organization of Science
1. Greek Science before Aristotle
2. Aristotle as a Naturalist
3. The Foundation of Biology
V. Metaphysics and the Nature of God
VI. Psychology and the Nature of Art
VII. Ethics and the Nature of Happiness
VIII. Politics
1. Communism and Conservatism
2. Marriage and Education
3. Democracy and Aristocracy
IX. Criticism
X. Later Life and Death
Chapter 3: Francis Bacon
I. From Aristotle to the Renaissance
II. The Political Career of Francis Bacon
III. The Essays
IV. The Great Reconstruction
1. The Advancement of Learning
2. The New Organon
3. The Utopia of Science
V. Criticism
VI. Epilogue
Chapter 4: Spinoza
I. Historical and Biographical
1. The Odyssey of the Jews
2. The Education of Spinoza
3. Excommunication
4. Retirement and Death
II. The Treatise on Religion and the State
III. The Improvement of the Intellect
IV. The Ethics
1. Nature and God
2. Matter and Mind
3. Intelligence and Morals
4. Religion and Immortality
V. The Political Treatise
VI. The Influence of Spinoza
Chapter 5: Voltaire and the French Enlightenment
I. Paris: ?dipe
II. London: Letters on the English
III. Cirey: The Romances
IV. Potsdam and Frederick
V. Les Délices: The Essay on Morals
VI. Ferney: Candide
VII. The Encyclopedia and the Philosophic Dictionary
VIII. Écrasez l’Infame
IX. Voltaire and Rousseau
X. Dénouement
Chapter 6: Immanuel Kant and German Idealism
I. Roads to Kant
1. From Voltaire to Kant
2. From Locke to Kant
3. From Rousseau to Kant
II. Kant Himself
III. The Critique of Pure Reason
1. Transcendental Esthetic
2. Transcendental Analytic
3. Transcendental Dialectic
IV. The Critique of Practical Reason
V. On Religion and Reason
VI. On Politics and Eternal Peace
VII. Criticism and Estimate
VIII. A Note on Hegel
Chapter 7: Schopenhauer
I. The Age
II. The Man
III. The World as Idea
IV. The World as Will
1. The Will to Live
2. The Will to Reproduce
V. The World as Evil
VI. The Wisdom of Life
1. Philosophy
2. Genius
3. Art
4. Religion
VII. The Wisdom of Death
VIII. Criticism
Chapter 8: Herbert Spencer
I. Comte and Darwin
II. The Development of Spencer
III. First Principles
1. The Unknowable
2. Evolution
IV. Biology: The Evolution of Life
V. Psychology: The Evolution of Mind
VI. Sociology: The Evolution of Society
VII. Ethics: The Evolution of Morals
VIII. Criticism
1. First Principles
2. Biology and Psychology
3. Sociology and Ethics
IX. Conclusion
Chapter 9: Friedrich Nietzsche
I. The Lineage of Nietzsche
II. Youth
III. Nietzsche and Wagner
IV. The Song of Zarathustra
V. Hero-Morality
VI. The Superman
VII. Decadence
VIII. Aristocracy
IX. Criticism
X. Finale
Chapter 10: Contemporary European Philosophers
I. Henri Bergson
1. The Revolt Against Materialism
2. Mind and Brain
3. Creative Evolution
4. Criticism
II. Benedetto Croce
1. The Man
2. The Philosophy of the Spirit
3. What Is Beauty?
4. Criticism
III. Bertrand Russell
1. The Logician
2. The Reformer
3. Epilogue
Chapter 11: Contemporary American Philosophers
Introduction
I. George Santayana
1. Biographical
2. Scepticism and Animal Faith
3. Reason in Science
4. Reason in Religion
5. Reason in Society
6. Comment
II. William James
1. Personal
2. Pragmatism
3. Pluralism
4. Comment
III. John Dewey
1. Education
2. Instrumentalism
3. Science and Politics
Conclusion
Glossary
Index
这本书的整体价值,在于它成功地架设了一座横跨古今的知识桥梁,将原本看似高不可攀的“哲学”大众化了,却又未曾流于肤浅。它没有急于给出一个统一的“答案”,而是耐心地展示了人类理性是如何一步步探索、试错、乃至自我否定的完整过程。读完之后,我最大的感受并非是掌握了多少哲学流派的知识点,而是建立起了一种更具层次感的观察世界的方式。当我再次面对社会新闻、伦理困境或是个人选择时,我不再只是凭借本能反应,而是会下意识地调动起那些沉淀在脑海中的思想工具,去审视前提、考察逻辑链条。这是一种潜移默化的思维升级,它关乎我们如何更好地提问,而非仅仅满足于接收现成的解答,这才是阅读任何经典著作所能获得的最高馈赠。
评分阅读体验的流畅性,对于这种宏大叙事的作品来说至关重要,而这本书在这方面做得相当出色。作者的笔触,在我看来,简直就像是一位技艺高超的导游,他深知如何在浩瀚的哲学星空中为我们引路,既不会让我们迷失在过于晦涩的术语泥潭里,也不会因为过度简化而丧失思想的精度。他似乎有一种魔力,能将那些动辄跨越数个世纪、盘根错节的学说,以一种近乎讲故事的生动方式娓娓道来。我尤其欣赏那种叙事节奏的把握,时而如同激流般磅礴,将关键人物的生平与时代背景熔铸一体;时而又放缓下来,如同品茗般细致地剖析某个核心概念的来龙去脉。这种张弛有度的节奏,极大地降低了初学者的阅读门槛,让人在不知不觉中,便已深入到柏拉图的理念世界,或是尼采的权力意志深处,丝毫没有感受到那种传统教材的枯燥和压迫感。
评分翻阅的过程,更像是一场跨越时空的文化朝圣。我发现自己不止是在阅读文字,更像是在与那些历史上的巨匠们进行一场无声的辩论。每当我读到某个哲学家对既有观念的颠覆性挑战时,总会忍不住停下来,合上书,走到窗边,凝视远方,试图在自己的生活经验中寻找与之对应的现实投射。这种强迫性的内省,是这本书最宝贵的回馈之一。它不像一些纯粹的历史记录,仅仅罗列事实和观点,而是真正激发了读者的“批判性思维”的肌肉。它不要求你全盘接受任何一种学说,但它要求你必须对其进行审视、比较、乃至挑战。正是这种不断地“自我拷问”,让原本冰冷的哲学概念,逐渐获得了鲜活的生命力,融入了我对世界的理解框架之中。
评分这本书的封面设计,初看之下,就透着一股沉静而深邃的气息。那种特有的米色调纸张,带着时间沉淀后的质感,仿佛刚从某个古老的书架上被拂去灰尘。我喜欢这种不张扬的设计,它不像那些追求视觉冲击力的畅销书那样喧哗,而是更像一个老朋友的私语,邀请你沉下心来,开启一场思想的旅程。装帧的工艺也看得出是下了功夫的,平装本拿在手里却有一种意料之外的扎实感,书脊的折痕预示着它将陪伴我度过漫长的阅读时光,经受反复翻阅的洗礼。每一次将它从书架上取下,那种熟悉的纸张气息和轻微的重量感,都在提醒我,我即将面对的不是轻松的消遣,而是一场与人类智慧高塔的深度对话。那种期待感,是任何电子阅读器都无法替代的,它关乎仪式感,关乎对知识的敬畏,也关乎我个人与纸质书之间难以割舍的情感联结。
评分从装帧的角度看,平装版本的便携性无疑是一大优势,它很容易被塞进背包的侧袋,成为通勤路上的忠实伴侣。我曾多次在拥挤的地铁车厢里,伴随着摇晃和噪音,沉浸于康德的先验范畴之中。虽然纸张的韧性不如精装本那般坚不可摧,但这种“可消耗性”的反倒带来了一种亲切感——它允许我肆意地在重要的段落旁画线、做批注,甚至折起书角作为标记。这些痕迹,最终都会成为我个人阅读路径的地图,记录着我的困惑、我的顿悟,以及那些被深刻触动的心灵瞬间。对于我而言,一本好书的价值,不只在于其内容,更在于它如何被我“使用”和“标记”的过程。
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