Robinson Crusoe 鲁滨逊漂流记 英文原版 [平装] 下载 mobi epub pdf 电子书 2024

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内容简介

The classic tale of a man shipwrecked on a remote island, and his struggle to retain his humanity against the forces of nature, as well as do battle with his own fears and loneliness.

《鲁滨逊漂流记》是18世纪英国著名作家笛福的代表作品，也是英国乃至整个欧洲文学史上第一部真正意义上的小说。三百多年来在世界各地读者中广泛流传，历久不衰。
该书以1708年一名苏格兰水手航海遇险，最后漂流到一个荒岛上，并且单独留居了四年才被救回这一真实故事作为素材，加工而成的。小说的主人公鲁滨逊出身于一个英国中产阶级家庭，一生志在遨游四海。一次在去非洲航海的途中遇到风暴，只身一人漂流到一个无人的荒岛上，开始了一段与世隔绝的生活。鲁滨逊凭着强韧的意志与不懈的努力，在荒岛上顽强地生存下来。经过了整整28个年头，才有一艘英国船路过该岛，鲁滨逊得以返回故乡。

作者简介

Daniel Defoe was a Londoner, born c. 1660 at St. Giles, Cripplegate, the son of James Foe, a tallow-chandler and member of the Butchers' Company. Daniel began to use the name 'De Foe' c. 1695. He was educated for the Presbyterian ministry at Morton's Dissenting Academy at Newington Green, but decided he had no vocation and instead went into the wholesale hosiery business, acquiring premises in Cornhill. In 1685 he participated in Monmouth's unsuccessful rebellion. His business activities were extended into the wine trade and marine insurance, but in 1692 he was declared bankrupt. The consequences of this debacle pursued him for the rest of his life, though he profited from the experience by becoming an expert in bankruptcy law, which he had some influence in reforming.

Meanwhile, Defoe was becoming a prolific and versatile writer, producing pamphlets and books on a wide variety of topics, including politics, crime, religion, economics, marriage, topography and superstition. His first extant political tract (against James II) was published in 1688. Becoming a staunch supporter of King William, he published early in January 1601 a verse satire, The True-Born Englishman, championing William and making merciless fun of English chauvinism, and the poem was an instant and runaway success. Two years later he brought out The Shortest Way with the Dissenters, a pamphlet pretending to be by a High Churchan calling for a root-and-branch extirpation of Dissent. It caused the enraged Government to have Defoe committed to Newgate and tried at the Old Bailey, where he was sentenced to stand three times in the pillory. for the following ten years he acted as a personal agent for the Secretary of State, Robert Harley, with whose support he launched an influential periodical, the Review.

Defoe turned to fiction relatively late in life and in 1719 published his great imaginative work, Robinson Crusoe. This was followed in 1722 by Moll Flanders and A Journal of the Plague Year, and in 1724 by his last important novel, Roxana. Other major works include a History of the Union (1709); The Family Instructor (1715); A Tour Through the Whole Island of Great Britain, a guide-book in three volumes (1724-6); The Political History of the Devil (1726); A Plan of the English Commerce (1728); and The Complete English Gentleman (not published until 1890). He died on April 24, 1731.

丹尼尔·笛福（1660～1731）是英国18世纪启蒙文学的重要作家。他出生在一个信奉新教的小油烛商家庭。笛福生活的时代正处于资本主义原始积累时期，伴随着迅猛发展的海外贸易和疯狂的海外扩张，冒险和不满足现状是这个时代人们的精神面貌之一。笛福从20岁做商人开始，从事过政治斗争，出版小册子，讽刺政府；办过报纸；赚过钱，也破过产，数次被捕。由于一生有着不平常经历，59岁时，他写出了杰作《鲁滨逊漂流记》，获得巨大成功，小说与作者的生活和思想密切相关。之后，又写出了《杰克上校》、《辛格顿船长》、《摩尔·弗兰德斯》、《罗克查娜》等几部小说。晚年又创作了《不列颠周游记》、《英国商业计划》等政治经济著作。1731年因躲债而客死他乡。《鲁滨逊漂流记》是笛福受一个真实故事的启发而写成的。当时有一名苏格兰水手与船长发生争吵，被船长遗弃在荒岛上，4年后被救回英国。这个水手在荒岛上并没有什么值得称道的事迹，但笛福塑造的鲁滨逊却是一个新兴资产阶级的代表人物，一个理想化的英雄。

精彩书评

"Based on a real-life incident, Robinson Crusoe tells the story of a young man who yearns to escape the mundane world and set sail for a life of adventure in faraway places. Defying his father's wishes he leaves on board a ship, then finds himself marooned on a tropical island where he wrestles with his fate and ponders the nature of God and man. The world has gotten smaller since Defoe penned his novel, but the human imagination still looms large. So even in today's world of space exploration, this story of an ordinary man struggling to survive has not lost its appeal for modern readers."
--Barnes & Noble

目录

The Family Left Behind
First Adventures at Sea
In and Out of Slavery
From Brazil to a Shipwreck
Looting the Wrecked Ship
Making a Home
Getting Organized
Diary of a Castaway
A Turning Point
Finding Comfort
Exploring the Island
A New Pet
Baking Bread
Great Improvements
Ocean Danger
A Dairy Farm
The Footprint
Cannibals
A Secret Cave
Another Shipwreck
Wonderful Dream
Finding Friday
Friendship
Arrival of Savages
Rescuing Captives
The Mutineers
Heading Home

精彩书摘

I was born in the Year 1632, in the City of York, of a good Family, tho not of that Country, my Father being a Foreigner of Bremen, who settled first at Hull: He got a good Estate by Merchandise, and leaving off his Trade, lived afterward at York, from whence he had married my Mother, whose Relations were named Robinson, a very good Family in that Country, and from whom I was called Robinson Kreutznaer; but by the usual Corruption of Words in England, we are now called, nay we call our selves, and write our Name Crusoe, and so my Companions always call’d me.

I had two elder Brothers, one of which was Lieutenant Collonel to an English Regiment of Foot in Flanders, formerly commanded by the famous Coll. Lockhart, and was killed at the Battle near Dunkirk against the Spaniards: What became of my second Brother I never knew any more than my Father or Mother did know what was become of me.

Being the third Son of the Family, and not bred to any Trade, my Head began to be fill’d very early with rambling Thoughts: My Father, who was very ancient, had given me a competent Share of Learning, as far as House-Education, and a Country Free-School generally goes, and design’d me for the Law; but I would be satisfied with nothing but going to Sea, and my Inclination to this led me so strongly against the Will, nay the Commands of my Father, and against all the Entreaties and Perswasions of my Mother and other Friends, that there seem’d to be something fatal in that Propension of Nature tending directly to the Life of Misery which was to be-fal me.

My Father, a wise and grave Man, gave me serious and excellent Counsel against what he foresaw was my Design. He call’d me one Morning into his Chamber, where he was confined by the Gout, and expostulated very warmly with me upon this Subject: He ask’d me what Reasons more than a meer wandring Inclination I had for leaving my Father’s House and my native Country, where I might be well introduced, and had a Prospect of raising my Fortunes by Application and Industry, with a Life of Ease and Pleasure. He told me it was for Men of desperate Fortunes on one Hand, or of aspiring, superior Fortunes on the other, who went abroad upon Adventures, to rise by Enterprize, and make themselves famous in Undertakings of a Nature out of the common Road; that these things were all either too far above me, or too far below me; that mine was the middle State, or what might be called the upper Station of Low Life, which he had found by long Experience was the best State in the World, the most suited to human Happiness, not exposed to the Miseries and Hardships, the Labour and Sufferings of the mechanick Part of Mankind, and not embarass’d with the Pride, Luxury, Ambition and Envy of the upper Part of Mankind. He told me, I might judge of the Happiness of this State, by this one thing, viz. That this was the State of Life which all other People envied, that Kings have frequently lamented the miserable Consequences of being born to great things, and wish’d they had been placed in the Middle of the two Extremes, between the Mean and the Great; that the wise Man gave his Testimony to this as the just Standard of true Felicity, when he prayed to have neither Poverty or Riches.

He bid me observe it, and I should always find, that the Calamities of Life were shared among the upper and lower Part of Mankind; but that the middle Station had the fewest Disasters, and was not expos’d to so many Vicissitudes as the higher or lower Part of Mankind; nay, they were not subjected to so many Distempers and Uneasinesses either of Body or Mind, as those were who, by vi-cious Living, Luxury and Extravagancies on one Hand, or by hard Labour, Want of Necessaries, and mean or insufficient Diet on the other Hand, bring Distempers upon themselves by the natural Consequences of their Way of Living; That the middle Station of Life was calc Robinson Crusoe 鲁滨逊漂流记 英文原版 [平装] 下载 mobi epub pdf txt 电子书 格式

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