粒子物理概念（第3版） [The Ideas of Particle Physics:An Introduction for Scientists Third edition] 下载 mobi epub pdf 电子书 2024

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内容简介

The last thirty years have seen an enormous advance in our understanding of the microscopic world. We now have a convincing picture of the fundamental struc-ture of observable matter in terms of certain point-like elementary particles. We also have a comprehensive theory describing the behaviour of and the forces between these elementary particles, which we believe provides a complete and correct description of nearly all non-gravitational physics.
Matter, so it seems, consists of just two types of elementary particles: quarks and leptons. These are the fundamental building blocks of the material world, out of which we ourselves are made. The theory describ-ing the microscopic behaviour of these particles has,over the past decade or so, become known as the 'Standard Model', providing as it does an accurate account of the force of electromagnetism, the weak nuclear force （responsible for radioactive decay）, and the strong nuclear force （which holds atomic nuclei together）. The Standard Model has been remarkably successful; upuntil a year or two ago all experimental tests have verified the detailed predictions of the theory.
The Standard Model is based on the principle of 'gauge symmetry', which asserts that the properties and interactions of elementary particles are governed by certain fundamental symmetries related to familiar conservation laws.

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目录

Preface
Part 1 Introduction
1 Matter and light
2 Special relativity
3 Quantum mechanics
4 Relativistic quantum theory

Part 2 Basic particle physics
5 The fundamental forces
6 Symmetry in the microworld
7 Mesons
8 Strange particles

Part 3 Strong interaction physics
9 Resonance particles
10 SU（3） and quarks

Part 4 Weak interaction physics I
11 The violation of parity
12 Fermi's theory of the weak interactions
13 Two neutrinos
14 Neutral kaons and CP violation

Part 5 Weak interaction physics II
15 The current-current theory of the weak interactions
16 An example leptonic process:electron-neutrino scattering
17 The weak interactions of hadrons
18 The W boson

Part 6 Gauge theory of the weak interactions
19 Motivation for the theory
20 Gauge theory
21 Spontaneous symmetry breaking
22 The Glashow-Weinberg-Salam model
23 Consequences of the model
24 The hunt for the W, Z0 bosons

Part 7 Deep inelastic scattering
25 Deep inelastic processes
26 Electron-nucleon scattering
27 The deep inelastic microscope
28 Neutrino-nucleon scattering
29 The quark model of the structure functions

Part 8 Quantum chromodynamics-the theory of quarks
30 Coloured quarks
31 Colour gauge theory
32 Asymptotic freedom
33 Quark confinement

Part 9 Electron-positron collisions
34 Probing the vacuum
35 Quarks and charm
36 Another generation

Part 10 The Standard Model and beyond
37 The Standard Model of particle physics
38 Precision tests of the Standard Model
39 Flavour mixing and CP violation revisited
40 The hunt for the Higgs boson
41 Neutrino masses and mixing
42 Is there physics beyond the Standard Model？
43 Grand unification
44 Supersymmetry
45 Particle physics and cosmology
46 Superstrings

Appendices
1 Units and constants
2 Glossary
3 List of symbols
4 Bibliography
5 Elementary particle data
Name index
Subject index

精彩书摘

In order to understand the weak interaction in greater depth, we need to first delve further into the properties of relativistic fermions. In Section 4.2,we Jeamt that relativistic fermions are described by two-component spinors （with another two-component spinor for the antiparticle）. In the Newtonian limit,when fermions move slowly, these two components can be interpreted as the two spin states of the fermion: the fermion can either be spin-up or spin-down. However,when the fermions are moving close to the speed of light, the notion of spin is no longer so useful and we need a new way in which to classify the two fermion states. In turns out that there are two useful ways to do this. The first, which is closely related to spin, is to define the helicity as the component of the fermion's spin in the direction of motion of the fermion. The spin can either be aligned with or against the momentum, and the fermion is referred to as being in the helicity-plus or helicity-minus state respectively.
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前言/序言

粒子物理概念（第3版） [The Ideas of Particle Physics:An Introduction for Scientists Third edition] 下载 mobi epub pdf txt 电子书 格式

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