内容简介
本书是根据《大学英语教学大纲》(理工科本科用)的要求编写的,所选材料涉及环境科学的不同领域,内容分为七个部分,每个部分含若干单元。每个单元由一篇课文和阅读材料组成,共计64篇。各单元练习配有主观题和客观题,学生在完成这些练习题的基础上能够全面理解课文,拓展知识面和提高整体的语言运用能力。本书旨在作为高等院校环境科学本科生和研究生的专业英语教材,也可供相关专业人员学习环境科学专业英语使用。
作者简介
游霞,副教授,1986年于四川外语学院获得文学学士学位,2000年于英国BRUNEL大学获得环境管理硕士学位,1988—2001年分别在重庆环境科学院和重庆市环境保护局从事环境保护国际合作项目管理及翻译工作,2002至今任教于重庆工商大学环境与资源学院,主要担任环境科学与工程专业英语和环境管理(双语)课程教学工作。
目录
Contents
Part 1 Introduction to Environmental Science and Engineering - 1 -
UNIT 1 What is Environmental Science? - 1 -
UNIT 2 What is Environmental Engineering? - 9 -
UNIT 3 Industrial Revolutions and Environmental Problems - 16 -
UNIT 4 Global Environmental Concerns - 24 -
Part 2 Air Pollution and Control - 33 -
UNIT 5 Energy and Energy Efficiency - 33 -
UNIT 6 Air Pollution, Sources and Characteristics - 41 -
UNIT 7 Health, Environmental and Climate Impact - 50 -
UNIT 8 Theory and Objectives of Air Dispersion Modeling - 58 -
UNIT 9 Approaches to Emission Estimation - 66 -
UNIT 10 Air Pollution Emission Control Devices for Stationary Sources - 72 -
UNIT 11 Biofiltration of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)-An Overview - 80 -
Part 3 Water Pollution and Control - 87 -
UNIT 12 Types and Sources of Water Pollution - 87 -
UNIT 13 Chemistry of Wastewater - 97 -
UNIT 14 Toxicological Effects of Major Environmental Pollutants: An Overview - 104 -
UNIT 15 Conventional Wastewater Treatment Process - 113 -
UNIT 16 Biological Wastewater Treatment - 122 -
UNIT 17 Advanced Wastewater Treatment - 135 -
UNIT 18 An Introduction to Water Chemistry in Freshwater Aquaculture - 144 -
UNIT 19 New and Emerging Water Pollutants Arising from Agriculture - 153 -
Part 4 Solid Waste and Disposal - 162 -
UNIT 20 Sources, Types and Composition of Solid Wastes - 162 -
UNIT 21 Impact of Municipal and Industrial Non-Hazardous Waste Landfills on
Public Health and the Environment: An Overview - 172 -
UNIT 22 Hazardous Waste Management - 180 -
UNIT 23 Waste to Energy - 190 -
UNIT 24 Technical Discussion of Plasma Gasification① - 201 -
Part 5 Noise Pollution and Soil Pollution - 210 -
UNIT 25 Assessing and Mitigating Noise Impacts - 210 -
UNIT 26 Soil Pollution - 219 -
Part 6 Scientific Instruments for Environmental Science - 227 -
UNIT 27 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) - 227 -
UNIT 28 Framework for Ecological Risk Assessment - 237 -
UNIT 29 Electrochemical Sensors for Environmental Monitoring: A Review of Recent
Technology - 252 -
Part 7 Pollution Prevention - 262 -
UNIT 30 Pollution Prevention Concepts and Principles - 262 -
UNIT 31 Green Chemistry and Technology for Sustainable Development Basic
Principles and Applications - 273 -
UNIT 32 The Application of Biotechnology to Industrial Sustainability - 282 -
Reference - 293
精彩书摘
UNIT 1 What is Environmental Science? Environmental science is a multidisciplinary academic field that integrates physical, biological and information sciences (including but not limited to ecology, biology, physics, chemistry, zoology, mineralogy, oceanology, limnology, soil science, geology, atmospheric science, geography and geodesy) to the study of the environment, and the solution of environmental problems. Environmental science emerged from the fields of natural history and medicine during the Enlightenment①. Today it provides an integrated, quantitative, and interdisciplinary approach to the study of environmental systems. Related areas of study include environmental studies and environmental engineering. Environmental studies incorporate more of the social sciences for understanding human relationships, perceptions and policies towards the environment. Environmental engineering focuses on design and technology for improving environmental quality in every aspect. Environmental scientists work on subjects like the understanding of earth processes, evaluating alternative energy systems, pollution control and mitigation, natural resource management, and the effects of global climate change. Environmental issues almost always include an interaction of physical, chemical, and biological processes. Environmental scientists bring a systems approach to the analysis of environmental problems. Key elements of an effective environmental scientist include the ability to relate space, and time relationships as well as quantitative analysis. Environmental science came alive as a substantive, active field of scientific investigation in the 1960s and 1970s driven by (a) the need for a multi-disciplinary approach to analyze complex environmental problems, (b) the arrival of substantive environmental laws requiring specific environmental protocols of investigation and (c) the growing public awareness of a need for action in addressing environmental problems. Event that spurred this development included the publication of Rachel Carson’s landmark environmental book Silent Spring② and helped increase the visibility of environmental issues and create this new field of study. ……
前言/序言
序 言
环境专业英语是在大学英语之后,环境专业本科生和研究生所需要掌握的应用型英语,其目的是让学生更多地了解国际环境科学领域的最新研究成果和发展动态,阅读、撰写和发表英文学术论文,参与国际学术交流与合作。
作者从事环境科学翻译20余年,对环境专业英语的价值有比较深刻的认识,在执教环境专业英语的过程中一直在思考:环境专业英语教材应当包含哪些内容?教师该怎么教?学生该怎么学?通过这些年的思考和学生对现有教材的评价及其对未来教材的期望,作者产生了自己编写环境专业英语教材的构想。
作者认为,环境专业英语课程的教学目的主要是两个方面,一是培养和提高学生对英语科技文献快速而系统的阅读能力,二是培养和提高学生对科技文献资料的英汉互译能力(而通常强调的是英语写作能力)。要达成上述目的,必然涉及大量的专业词汇和英语科技文献的语法、句法特点的运用,而专业词汇的积累,语法、句法特点的把握,只有通过大量的阅读和英汉互译,方能收到事半功倍之效。因此,只有学生强化了阅读能力和英汉互译能力,其听说读写译能力会得到全面的提升。
根据高等学校理工科《英语教学大纲》的要求和作者确定的教学目的,作者在阅读材料的选择中全面考虑了所涉及的单词和主题,并在练习中增加了能够真正检验学生阅读能力的练习题。本书共分7个部分,每个部分分若干单元,共32个单元,每个单元由一篇课文和一篇或多篇阅读材料组成。课文的内容是环境科学的一些基础原理,阅读材料是相应主题的延伸和新技术介绍。根据课文内容,配有相应练习题、注释和词汇表。课文和阅读材料均选自英文原版教材、科技报告、学术著作、专业期刊、国际会议论文集等,涵盖了环境科学与工程专业的相关领域。具体内容如下:
Part 1 介绍环境科学与工程的内涵及产生背景、全球环境问题等。
Part 2 介绍空气污染与控制,包括能源利用及能源效率(空气污染产生的主要原因)、空气污染类型及来源、空气污染影响、空气污染模拟及污染物排放估算方法、传统的和创新的空气污染治理技术等。
Part 3 介绍水污染及控制,包括水污染来源及种类、污水化学、污水中主要污染物的毒性影响、各种污水处理工艺、农业活动中产生的新兴的污染物等。
Part 4 介绍固体废弃物及处理方法,包括固体废物的来源及分类、垃圾填埋场对环境和健康的影响、危险废物管理、固体废物的回收及利用等。
Part 5 介绍噪声污染、土壤污染及控制技术。
Part 6 介绍环境工程中常用的技术手段,包括环境影响评价、生态风险评价及环境监测技术等。
Part 7 介绍污染预防,包括污染预防的基本概念和原则、绿色化学和可持续发展的基本原理以及生物技术的运用等。
本书的编写得到了重庆工商大学教材项目建设的资助,同时也得到了重庆工商大学环境与资源学院领导的大力支持。在编写的过程中,作者参阅了不少有益的资料和书籍,吸取了同行专家的宝贵经验。同时也得到了部分学生的问卷调查支持。谨在此一并表示感谢。
由于环境科学的多学科性,加之作者的水平有限,本书在材料选择上和文字处理上难免有疏漏和不妥之处,恳请读者不吝指教,使本书在使用过程中不断得到完善。
游 霞
2015年10于重庆工商大学
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