内容简介
In the last seventy days of his life, Vincent van Gogh experienced an unprecedented burst of creativity. He painted at least one canvas per day, often more, and wrote dozens of eloquent, personal letters to family, fellow artists, and friends. For the ?rst time, this volume gathers all that he produced during these last few months and presents it in a day-by-day chronology that reveals his intense focus on the continuing development of his signature artistic method as well as his innermost thoughts and concerns.Persuaded by his doting brother, Theo, to move to the artistic enclave of Auvers-sur-Oise in 1890 for a change of scenery and a chance at a life free from temptation, and with the intent of concentrating solely on painting and restoring his full mental health, van Gogh arrived in May just as the town and its nearby bucolic ?elds were bursting into full springtime glory, providing him ample material for inspiration. Stunning reproductions of his last paintings display his daily explorations of this charming hamlet’s streets and buildings, including its now-iconic church and thatched cottages, its inhabitants—including his friend and mentor Doctor Gachet, immortalized on canvas—and the wide, open ?elds that roused him to paint masterpieces such as Wheat Field with Crows and Landscape with a Carriage and a Train. Despite these idyllic surroundings, his encouraging pace of production, and mounting critical recognition, van Gogh chose to end his own life a mere two and a half months later, leaving the letters and paintings duplicated here as the only clues to the internal anguish that led him to an act of such desperation.The full complexity of van Gogh’s personality, emotions, and relationships is presented here through reproductions of historical documents, letters, and glorious full-color plates of over seventy paintings, each of which is also accompanied by incisive commentary from author Wouter van der Veen, a renowned van Gogh scholar. A ?nal chapter fully explores the often overlooked role played by his sister-in-law, Johanna Bonger, in cultivating and establishing his posthumous legacy.
作者简介
Wouter van der Veen, scienti?c advisor at the Van Gogh Institute in Auvers-sur-Oise, devoted a decade to studying van Gogh’s correspondence and assisted in the production of the ?rst complete catalog of his letters. He teaches at the University of Strasbourg. His other books include Van Gogh: A Literary Mind (Musée Van Gogh/Waanders, 2009) and In Vincent’s Room (Editions Desmaret, 2004).Artistic director Peter Knapp has twice received the French prize for best art book of the year, and is also a world-renowned cinematographer who produced the documentary Last Days in Auvers (2007) and an Imax documentary, Me, van Gogh in 2009. Axel Rüger is director of the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam.
内页插图
迷雾中的色彩:探寻十九世纪末欧洲艺术的辉煌与挣扎 引言:时代的回响 本书将带领读者穿越时空,深入十九世纪末欧洲艺术的动荡与革新之中。这是一个剧烈变革的时代,传统学院派的束缚正在瓦解,新兴的艺术思潮如野火般在巴黎的沙龙、布鲁塞尔的咖啡馆以及南法的阳光下燃烧。我们聚焦于那些先行者——那些拒绝墨守成规,以全新的视觉语言挑战既有秩序的画家们。他们不仅在画布上探索光影和色彩的极限,更在精神层面与社会思潮进行着深刻的对话。本书的叙事脉络,旨在勾勒出那个时代艺术家群像的复杂性,以及他们如何通过画笔,捕捉了工业化浪潮下人类经验的本质——从对自然田园的渴望,到对都市喧嚣的疏离,再到内在情感的喷薄而出。 第一部:巴黎的熔炉——印象与后印象主义的形成 本部分将详细考察艺术中心巴黎在1870年至1890年间的艺术生态。印象主义的诞生并非一蹴而就,它是对法国沙龙僵化评判体系的集体反叛。我们将深入分析莫奈、雷诺阿等人在户外写生中对“瞬间光影”的捕捉,探讨他们如何将物理学上的光学原理融入绘画实践,彻底改变了人们对色彩构成的理解。这不是简单的记录,而是一种对视觉感知的解构与重组。 随后,我们将转向后印象主义的兴起。这一流派的画家们,在继承了印象派对色彩的解放之后,开始寻求更深层次的结构、情感与象征意义。塞尚对几何形态的还原与结构感的重建,为二十世纪的立体主义埋下了伏笔;高更在塔希提岛上对原始主义的追寻,揭示了西方文明对“他者”的迷恋与审视;而那些仍在摸索中的先驱者们,他们的作品中流露出对形式的探索的焦虑与狂热。我们将细致剖析这些艺术家的创作动机,对比他们在不同主题(如静物、风景、肖像)上的处理手法,揭示他们如何将主观体验置于客观再现之上。 第二部:边陲的呼唤——地域艺术的勃兴与精神图景 艺术的创新并非只在光鲜亮丽的巴黎发生。当巴黎的空气弥漫着新潮的理论时,广袤的法国乡村和比利时、荷兰等地的艺术群体也在各自的土壤上孕育出独特的风格。本章将着重探讨那些选择离开都市中心,深入田园或工业边缘地带的艺术家们。 例如,布列塔尼地区,因其独特的凯尔特文化遗存和封闭的地理环境,吸引了许多寻求“真实”和“民间精神”的画家。在那里,艺术不再仅仅关于视觉的愉悦,而成为一种对民族精神、民间信仰和古代神话的追溯。我们探讨了他们如何运用厚涂、简化轮廓以及象征性的色彩来表达内心的宗教情结和对现代性的抵抗。 同时,我们也审视了荷兰艺术界在那个时期的独特贡献。尽管他们深受法国艺术影响,但荷兰的艺术家们通过对本土风光、农家生活以及朴实人性的刻画,赋予了作品一种沉郁而内敛的力量。他们的作品中常常弥漫着一种对劳作与土地的敬畏,以及对生活本质的深刻洞察。这些“边陲”的艺术实践,为欧洲艺术版图增添了不可或缺的深度和多样性,证明了伟大的艺术可以诞生于任何一个充满激情与探索的角落。 第三部:色彩的嘶吼——情感的释放与心理投射 十九世纪末的艺术,正逐渐从描绘“我们所见”转向描绘“我们所感”。情感成为了画布上最直接的表达媒介。本部分聚焦于那些以强烈的、非自然主义的色彩和扭曲的线条来表达内心冲突的艺术家。 我们分析了早期象征主义对艺术的哲学影响,即艺术应该指向不可见的精神实在。然而,更具革命性的是那些将个人心理状态直接投射到风景和人物之上的尝试。这些艺术家不再满足于描绘风景的表象,而是试图捕捉瞬间的情绪波动,将内心的焦虑、兴奋、孤独感转化为可见的笔触和冲突的色块。笔触变得粗犷有力,色彩的并置不再追求和谐,而是追求视觉上的震撼和情感上的共鸣。 这种探索是极其个人化的,往往与艺术家的个人命运、健康状况以及社会适应不良紧密相关。他们对色彩的使用,如同音乐中的不协和音,旨在唤醒观者内心深处被压抑的情感。这不是对自然的模仿,而是对灵魂的解剖与呈现。 结论:通向未来的桥梁 本书的最后一部分将对十九世纪末艺术运动的遗产进行总结。这个时代是充满矛盾的:一方面是对传统科学理性精神的怀疑与抛弃,另一方面是对个人主观经验的极度肯定。艺术家们在对光、色、形体、情感的极限探索中,无意中为二十世纪初的现代主义艺术运动——从野兽派的色彩爆炸到表现主义的心理深度挖掘——搭建了坚实的桥梁。他们的挣扎与辉煌,共同构筑了现代艺术史不可磨灭的基石。通过对这些丰富多样的艺术实践的梳理,我们得以更清晰地理解,伟大的艺术是如何在时代转折的巨大压力下,涅槃重生,并最终改变了我们观看世界的方式。