The Gunpowder Age

The Gunpowder Age 下载 mobi epub pdf 电子书 2025


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Tonio Andrade



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发表于2025-05-28

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Princeton University Press 2016-1-12 Hardcover 9780691135977


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Tonio Andrade is professor of history at Emory University and the author of Lost Colony: The Untold Story of China’s First Great Victory over the West (Princeton) and How Taiwan Became Chinese.

The Chinese invented gunpowder and began exploring its military uses as early as the 900s, four centuries before the technology passed to the West. But by the early 1800s, China had fallen so far behind the West in gunpowder warfare that it was easily defeated by Britain in the Opium War of 1839–42. What happened? In The Gunpowder Age, Tonio Andrade offers a compelling new answer, opening a fresh perspective on a key question of world history: why did the countries of western Europe surge to global importance starting in the 1500s while China slipped behind?

Historians have long argued that gunpowder weapons helped Europeans establish global hegemony. Yet the inhabitants of what is today China not only invented guns and bombs but also, as Andrade shows, continued to innovate in gunpowder technology through the early 1700s—much longer than previously thought. Why, then, did China become so vulnerable? Andrade argues that one significant reason is that it was out of practice fighting wars, having enjoyed nearly a century of relative peace, since 1760. Indeed, he demonstrates that China—like Europe—was a powerful military innovator, particularly during times of great warfare, such as the violent century starting after the Opium War, when the Chinese once again quickly modernized their forces. Today, China is simply returning to its old position as one of the world’s great military powers.

By showing that China’s military dynamism was deeper, longer lasting, and more quickly recovered than previously understood, The Gunpowder Age challenges long-standing explanations of the so-called Great Divergence between the West and Asia.

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The Gunpowder Age mobi 下载 pdf 下载 pub 下载 txt 电子书 下载 2025

The Gunpowder Age 下载 mobi pdf epub txt 电子书 格式 2025

The Gunpowder Age 下载 mobi epub pdf 电子书
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对比讲中国与欧洲的枪炮发展历史。跟大致算同类题材的《杀戮与文化》相比,水平更高,战争案例更多,中国案例更多,读起来更有趣,最重要的是,作者的背景更可信,逻辑更严谨,证据更多。 作者是海外汉学家,全书是严肃学术著作的风格,大部分的观点给出信息来源,对已有的学术...  

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##处所谓“中心”者反思欧洲中心主义最甚,此书廓清一个重要观点:“任何情况下,军事现代化的动力都不该狭隘地理解为西方化”。书从宋朝讲起,至于大清帝国覆灭,以火器战争为中心视野贯穿,视其为历史发展的重要推动力。近代中国之落后西方——所谓“大分流”,认为最大缘由在...  

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或许初始期望太高,读完发现提出问题和试探多于解释,更适合做教科书。军事大分流的说法很有趣,相对平行的军事技术和作战模式比较,尤其是几次欧洲与亚洲势力交锋也颇有趣,分流在18世纪中叶(所谓盛清和平期)也恰与彭慕兰说法对证。不过两个主要论点——无多国/多政体体系则无战争、无战争则无威胁、无威胁则无进步(一系列战争与国家形成文献),盛清一统安靖导致军事革新需求消失;科学/技术与科技群体的独立发展对军事革新的促进作用(李约瑟等?)——似已经被反复论述过,并无什么出色之处。欧洲船只更先进更抗风浪、欧洲中世纪堡垒城墙较薄但允许火药武器开火还击,确乎为重要优势,且也在无形中促进火药武器发展和军队远征与后勤编组进步,然欧陆多国战争恰使其非铁板一块,前者仅为少数海权国拥有、后者则并未在远征中体现。

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##火药是中国人的发明,可是欧洲人的枪炮后来居上,甚至一度在中国的土地上耀武扬威。中国为何没能把握先机,反而变成了“睡狮”?美国历史学家欧阳泰在《从丹药到枪炮:世界史上的中国军事格局》一书中探讨了军事分流的原因。 其实在欧阳泰之前,也有许多学者解释过中国军事的“...  

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