有机化学中的光谱方法（第6版） [Spectroscopic Methodsir Organic Chemistry 6th de] 下载 mobi epub pdf 电子书 2024

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内容简介

　　《有机化学中的光谱方法(第6版)》是一本由英国剑桥大学D. H. Williams和I. Fleming合著的有机化学光谱方法经典教材。第1版出版于1966年，《有机化学中的光谱方法(第6版)》为第6版。书中讲述了近年来迅猛发展的二维核磁共振（如Tocsy、远‘H-13C COSY）、MALDI、FT-ICR、TOF等新技术。与时俱进，本版较前版在内容上做了较大的改动，有关UV和IR光谱的部分讲述的更加准确；丰富了关于NMR的内容；介绍MS的部分更加讲求结合实际。全书共分为五章，第1章为紫外和可见光谱，论述了电子吸收光谱在测定有机基团中的应用；第2章红外光谱，阐述了傅里叶红外和喇曼光谱的样品制备、光谱选律以及各官能团的特征吸收频率；第3章核磁共振波谱，主要介绍了‘H和13C核磁共振的经验参数、各种二维NMR的具体应用；第4章质谱，介绍了各种粒子谱以及气相和液相色谱与质谱的联用；第5章实例和习题，为读者提供了一些选自研究课题、具有启发性的实例，也为读者巩固所学的知识提供了练习。《有机化学中的光谱方法(第6版)》理论和实践并举，因此也适合有机化学工作者做为手册使用。
　　读者对象：高校化学系师生、有关研究人员。

内页插图

目录

Preface
Chapter 1： Ultraviolet and visible spectra
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Chromophores
1.3 The absorption laws
1.4 Measurement of the spectrum
1.5 Vibrational fine structure
1.6 Choice of solvent
1.7 Selection rules and intensity
1.8 Solvent effects
1.9 Searching for a chromophore
1.10 Definitions
1.11 Conjugated dienes
1.12 Polyenes
1.13 Polyeneynes and poly-ynes
1.14 Ketones and aldehydes; π-π* transitions
1.15 Ketones and aldehydes; π-π* transitions
1.16 α，β-Unsaturated acids， esters， nitriles and amides
1.17 The benzene ring
1.18 Substituted benzene rings
1.19 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
1.20 Heteroaromatic compounds
1.21 Quinones
1.22 Corroles， chlorins and porphyrins
1.23 Non-conjugated interacting chromophores
1.24 The effect ofsteric hindrance to coplanarity
1.25 Internet
1.26 Bibliography

Chapter 2： Infrared spectra
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Preparation of samples and examination in an infrared spectrometer
2.3 Examination in a Raman spectrometer
2.4 Selection rules
2.5 The infrared spectrum
2.6 The use of the tables of characteristic group frequencies
2.7 Absorption frequencies of single bonds to hydrogen 3600-2000 cm-
2.8 Absorption frequencies of triple and cumulated double bonds2300-1930 cm-
2.9 Absorption frequencies of the double-bond region 1900-1500 em-1
2.10 Groups absorbing in the fingerprint region <1500 cm-1
2.11 Internet
2.12 Bibliography
2.13 Correlation charts
2.14 Tables of data

Chapter 3： Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra
3.1 Nuclear spin and resonance
3.2 The measurement of spectra
3.3 The chemical shift
3.4 Factors affecting the chemical shift
3.4.1 Intramolecular factors affecting the chemical shift
3.4.2 Intermolecular factors affecting the chemical shift
3.5 Spin-spin coupling to 13C
3.5.1 13C-2H Coupling
3.5.2 13C-1H Coupling
3.5.3 13C-13C Coupling
3.6 1H-1H Vieinal coupling (3JHH)
3.7 1H-1H Geminal coupling (2JHH)
3.8 1H-1H Long-range coupling (4JHH and 5JHH)
3.9 Deviations from first-order coupling
3.10 The magnitude of 1H-1H coupling constants
3.10.1 Vicinal coupling 3JHH
3.10.2 Geminal coupling (2JHH)
3.10.3 Long-range coupling (4JHH and 5JHH)
3.11 Line broadening and environmental exchange
3.11.1 Efficient relaxation
3.11.2 Environmental exchange
3.12 Improving the NMR spectrum
3.12.1 The effect of changing the magnetic field
3.12.2 Shift reagents
3.12.3 Solvent effects
3.13 Spin decoupling
3.13.1 Simple spin decoupling
3.13.2 Difference decoupling
3.14 The nuclear Overhanser effect
3.14.1 Origins
3.14.2 NOE Difference spectra
3.15 Assignment ofCH3， CH2， CH and quaternary carbons in 13C NMR
3.16 Identifying spin systems——1D-TOCSY
3.17 The separation of chemical shift and coupling onto different axes
3.18 Two-dimensional NMR
3.19 COSY spectra
3.20 NOESY spectra
3.21 2D-TOCSY spectra
3.22 1H-13C COSY spectra
3.22.1 Heteronuclear Multiple Quantum Coherence (HMQC) spectra
3.22.2 Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Connectivity (HMBC) spectra
3.23 Measuring 13C-IH coupling constants (HSQC-HECADE spectra)
3.24 Identifying 13C-13C connections (INADEQUATE spectra)
3.25 Three- and four-dimensional NMR
3.26 Hints for spectroscopic interpretation and structure determination
3.26.1 Carbon spectra
3.26.2 Proton spectra
3.26.3 Hetero-correlations
3.27 Internet
3.28 Bibliography
3.29 Tables of data

Chapter4： Mass spectra
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Ion production from readily volatile molecules
4.2.1 Electron impact (EI)
4.2.2 Chemical Ionisation (CI)
4.3 Ion production from poorly volatile molecules
4.3.1 Fast ion bombardment (FIB or LSIMS)
4.3.2 Laser desorption (LD) and matrix-assisted laser desorption (MALDI)
4.3.3 Electrospray ionisation (ESI)
4.4 Ion analysis
4.4.1 Magnetic analysers
4.4.2 Combined magnetic and electrostatic analysers——high-resolution mass spectra (HRMS)
4.4.3 Ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) analysers
4.4.4 Time-of-flight (TOF) analysers
4.4.5 Quadrupole analysers
4.4.6 Ion-trap analysers
4.5 Structural information from mass spectra
4.5.1 Isotopic abundances
4.5.2 EI spectra
4.5.3 CI spectra
4.5.4 FIB (LSMIS) spectra
4.5.5 MALDI spectra
4.5.6 ESI spectra
4.5.7 ESI-FT-ICR and ESI-FT-Orbitrap spectra
4.6 Separation coupled to mass spectrometry
4.6.1 GC/MS and LC/MS
4.6.2 MS/MS
4.7 MS data systems
4.8 Specific ion monitoring and quantitative MS (SIM and MIM)
4.9 Interprcting the spectrum of an unknown
4.10 Internet
4.11 Bibliography
4.12 Tables of data

Chapter 5： Practice in structure determination
5.1 General approach
5.2 Simple worked examples using 13C NMR alone
5.3 Simple worked examples using 1H N-MR alone
5.4 Simple worked examples using the combined application of all fourspectroscopic ethods
5.5 Simple problems using 13C NMR or joint application of IR and 13C NMR
5.6 Simple problems using 1H NMR
5.7 Problems using a combination of spectroscopic methods
5.8 Answers to problems 1-33
Index

精彩书摘

　　The energy absorbed by the matrix is transferred indirectly to the sample, which reduces any sample decomposition. The matrix is chosen to have solubility properties similar to those of the sample, in order that the sample molecules are properly dispersed. Higher molecular weight oligomeric clumps are produced as 2M+, 3M+, and so on, but these are usually minor components of the spectrum if a well-matched matrix is chosen.
　　4.3.3 Electrospray ionisation （ESl） An electrospray is the term applied to the small flow of liquid （generally 1-10 lxl/min） from a capillary needle when a potential difference typically of 3-6 kV is applied between the end of the capillary and a cylindrical electrode located 0.3-2 cm away （Fig. 4.4）. The liquid leaves the capillary as a fine mist at or near atmospheric pressure, and consists of highly charged liquid droplets. The charge on these droplets may be selected as positive or negative according to the sign of the voltage applied to the capillary. ESI is especially useful since it can be used to analyse directly the effluent from an HPLC column.
　　The use of a sheath gas or nebulising gas promotes efficient spraying of the solution of the sample from the capillary. Sample molecules dissolved in the spray are released from the droplets by evaporation of the solvent. This evaporation is accomplished by passing a drying gas across the spray before it enters a capillary. As the droplets are multiply charged, and reduced in size by evaporation, the rate of desolvation is increased because of repulsive Coulombic forces. These forces eventually overcome the cohesive forces of the droplet, and an MH~ （or M - H+） molecular ion free of solvent is finally produced. The charged particles are carried, by an appropriate electric field, through a capillary and into an ion analyser.

前言/序言

　　This book is the sixth edition of a well-established introductory guide to the interpretation of the ultraviolet， infrared， nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectra of organic compounds. It is a textbook suitable for a first course in the application of these techniques to structure determination， and as a handbook for organic chemists to keep on their desks throughout their career.　 These four spectroscopic methods have been used routinely for several decades to determine the structure of organic compounds， both those made by synthesis and those isolated from natural sources. Every organic chemist needs to be skilled in how to apply them， and to know which method works for which problem. In outline， the ultraviolet spectrum identifies conjugated systems， the infrared spectrum identifies functional groups， the nuclear magnetic resonance spectra identify how the atoms are connected， and the mass spectrum gives the molecular formula. One or more of these techniques nowadays is very frequently enough to identify the complete chemical structure of an unknown compo 有机化学中的光谱方法（第6版） [Spectroscopic Methodsir Organic Chemistry 6th de] 下载 mobi epub pdf txt 电子书 格式

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