編輯推薦
英美等國300多所大學院校采用,受歡迎的導論性心理學教材之一
模塊化的結構體例獨樹一幟,既適應於課堂教學,也適閤閱讀和自學
語言簡練,清新自然,生動形象且富有激情
普通心理學雙語教學的首要選擇教材或參考讀物
中國心理學界泰鬥黃希庭教授作序推薦
內容簡介
這部由羅伯特·費爾德曼撰寫的《心理學綱要》(Essentials of Understanding Psychology)在英美等國被300多所大學采用,是受歡迎的導論性心理學教材之一。本書即影印自該教材的新第10版。
《心理學綱要(第10版,英文版)》分為14章,依次為:心理學導言,神經科學與行為,感覺與知覺,意識狀態,學習,記憶,思維、語言與智力,動機與情緒,發展,人格,健康心理學,心理障礙,心理障礙的治療,社會心理學。在此基礎上,全書進一步劃分為46個獨立的模塊,讀者可以根據自己的興趣有選擇地閱讀。這種獨樹一幟的模塊化設計,不僅適應於課堂教學,也非常適閤普通讀者來自學。
從第1版到第10版,作者始終秉持“把學生放在首位”的宗旨,緻力於吸引學生的注意,將心理學知識傳授給學生,進而激發學生的興趣,幫助他們將心理學與日常世界建立起聯係。作者的語言簡練,生動形象,書中的各種教輔材料,如各種精美圖片、互動遊戲、視頻及題庫,更是為教師的課堂教學和學生的自主學習提供瞭全麵解決方案。
本書特彆適閤用作普通心理學雙語教學課教材或參考讀物,也適閤喜歡直接讀英文原著的心理學愛好者閱讀。
作者簡介
羅伯特·費爾德曼,是美國馬薩諸塞大學阿默斯特分校的心理學教授,同時任該校社會與行為科學學院院長。作為學院傑齣教師奬的獲得者,他所教授的心理學課程的學生人數從15人到500人不等。在長達20多年的大學教師生涯中,除馬薩諸塞大學之外,他還曾在芒特霍尤剋學院、衛斯理恩大學和弗吉尼亞聯邦大學教授本科和研究生課程。
費爾德曼教授是美國心理學會和心理科學協會會員,他從衛斯理恩大學獲得學士學位,從威斯康辛大學獲得碩士和博士學位。他曾榮獲富布賴特資深研究學者和講師奬,以及衛斯理恩大學的傑齣校友奬。他是行為和腦科學聯閤會(FABBS)的理事會成員之一,也是FABBS基金會的候任主席,該基金會大力支持心理學領域。
他撰寫或編寫的著作、科學論文數量纍計超過150種(篇)。他所撰寫的教科書被全世界200多萬學生采用,被譯成西班牙語、法語、葡萄牙語、荷蘭語、德語、意大利語、漢語、韓語、日語等九種語言。他的研究興趣包括日常生活中的誠實和欺騙行為,他在2009年齣版的暢銷書《生活中的說謊者》中描述瞭他的工作。他的研究得到瞭來自國傢精神衛生研究所(NIH)以及國傢殘障和康復研究所的資助。
精彩書評
★本書具有以下一些特點:一,內容全麵而且具有近時性。該書不僅涵蓋瞭心理學的基本概念、基本原理和基本理論,而且還包含應用研究的內容。從引用的文獻來看,在這本教材中引用自2000年以來的參考文獻就有一韆餘條。第二,結構新穎且有助於學生自主學習。作者根據自己的教學經驗富有創意地在課文中設計瞭一係列提示性短文或專欄,滲透著作者提齣的P。O。W。E。R(即預習、組織、實踐、評價、反思)學習模式。第三,語言簡練,清新自然,生動形象且富有激情。全書沒有生僻、拗口的語句;對事實和現象的描述多采用比較客觀的陳述句和被動結構等,其他內容大多采用與讀者對話的口吻。大量采用圖片、圖錶甚至視頻資料等配閤文本,使許多看似深奧的道理躍然紙上;各種及時互動以及突顯的與日常生活密切相關的問題促人思考,有關錶述富有激情。
基於上述,我樂意嚮讀者推薦這本導論性的心理學教材。
——黃希庭
西南大學心理學院資深教授
曾任中國心理學會第七屆和第八屆副理事長兼
心理學教學工作委員會主任
目錄
Brief Contents
Preface xxiii
C H A P T E R 1 Introduction to Psychology 2
M O D U L E 1 Psychologists at Work 5
M O D U L E 2 A Science Evolves: The Past, the Present, and the Future 14
M O D U L E 3 Research in Psychology 26
M O D U L E 4 Critical Research Issues 40
C H A P T E R 2 Neuroscience and Behavior 48
M O D U L E 5 Neurons: The Basic Elements of Behavior 51
M O D U L E 6 The Nervous System and the Endocrine System: Communicating Within the Body 60
M O D U L E 7 The Brain 68
C H A P T E R 3 Sensation and Perception 86
M O D U L E 8 Sensing the World Around Us 89
M O D U L E 9 Vision: Shedding Light on the Eye 94
M O D U L E 1 0 Hearing and the Other Senses 104
M O D U L E 1 1 Perceptual Organization: Constructing Our View of the World 116
C H A P T E R 4 States of Consciousness 130
M O D U L E 1 2 Sleep and Dreams 133
M O D U L E 1 3 Hypnosis and Meditation 147
M O D U L E 1 4 Drug Use: The Highs and Lows of Consciousness 152
C H A P T E R 5 Learning 166
M O D U L E 1 5 Classical Conditioning 169
M O D U L E 1 6 Operant Conditioning 177
M O D U L E 1 7 Cognitive Approaches to Learning 192
C H A P T E R 6 Memory 202
M O D U L E 1 8 The Foundations of Memory 205
M O D U L E 1 9 Recalling Long-Term Memories 218
M O D U L E 2 0 Forgetting: When Memory Fails 228
C H A P T E R 7 Thinking, Language, and Intelligence 238
M O D U L E 2 1 Thinking and Reasoning 241
M O D U L E 2 2 Language 257
M O D U L E 2 3 Intelligence 266
C H A P T E R 8 Motivation and Emotion 286
M O D U L E 2 4 Explaining Motivation 289
M O D U L E 2 5 Human Needs and Motivation: Eat, Drink, and Be Daring 296
M O D U L E 2 6 Understanding Emotional Experiences 313
C H A P T E R 9 Development 326
M O D U L E 2 7 Nature and Nurture: The Enduring Developmental Issue 329
M O D U L E 2 8 Infancy and Childhood 340
M O D U L E 2 9 Adolescence: Becoming an Adult 358
M O D U L E 3 0 Adulthood 368
C H A P T E R 1 0 Personality 382
M O D U L E 3 1 Psychodynamic Approaches to Personality 385
M O D U L E 3 2 Trait, Learning, Biological and Evolutionary, and Humanistic Approaches to Personality 395
M O D U L E 3 3 Assessing Personality: Determining What Makes Us Distinctive 408
C H A P T E R 1 1 Health Psychology: Stress, Coping, and Well-Being 418
M O D U L E 3 4 Stress and Coping 421
M O D U L E 3 5 Psychological Aspects of Illness and Well-Being 434
M O D U L E 3 6 Promoting Health and Wellness 441
C H A P T E R 1 2 Psychological Disorders 450
M O D U L E 3 7 Normal Versus Abnormal: Making the Distinction 453
M O D U L E 3 8 The Major Psychological Disorders 463
M O D U L E 3 9 Psychological Disorders in Perspective 483
C H A P T E R 1 3 Treatment of Psychological Disorders 492
M O D U L E 4 0 Psychotherapy: Psychodynamic, Behavioral, and Cognitive Approaches to Treatment 495
M O D U L E 4 1 Psychotherapy: Humanistic, Interpersonal, and Group Approaches to Treatment 507
M O D U L E 4 2 Biomedical Therapy: Biological Approaches to Treatment 515
C H A P T E R 1 4 Social Psychology 526
M O D U L E 4 3 Attitudes and Social Cognition 529
M O D U L E 4 4 Social Infl uence and Groups 541
M O D U L E 4 5 Prejudice and Discrimination 549
M O D U L E 4 6 Positive and Negative Social Behavior 555
Glossary G
References R-1
精彩書摘
Psychologists at Work
Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. The simplicity of this defi nition is in some ways deceiving, concealing ongoing debates about how broad the scope of psychology should be. Should psychologists limit themselves to the study of outward, observable behavior? Is it possible to study thinking scientifically? Should the field encompass the study of such diverse topics as physical and mental health, perception, dreaming, and motivation? Is it appropriate to focus solely on human behavior, or should the behavior of other species be included?
Most psychologists would argue that the field should be receptive to a variety of viewpoints and approaches. Consequently, the phrase behavior and mental processes in the definition of psychology must be understood to mean many things: It encompasses not just what people do but also their thoughts, emotions, perceptions, reasoning processes, memories, and even the biological activities that maintain bodily functioning.
Psychologists try to describe, predict, and explain human behavior and mental processes, as well as helping to change and improve the lives of people and the world in which they live. They use scientific methods to find answers that are far more valid and legitimate than those resulting from intuition and speculation, which are often inaccurate (see Figure 1).
The Subfields of Psychology: Psychology’s Family Tree
As the study of psychology has grown, it has given rise to a number of subfields (described in Figure 2). The subfields of psychology can be likened to an extended family, with assorted nieces and nephews, aunts and uncles, and cousins who, although they may not interact on a day-to-day basis, are related to one another, because they share a common goal: understanding behavior. One way to identify the key subfields is to look at some of the basic questions about behavior that they address.
WHAT ARE THE BIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF BEHAVIOR?
In the most fundamental sense, people are biological organisms. Behavioral neuroscience is the subfield of psychology that mainly examines how the brain and the nervous system—but other biological processes as well—determine behavior. Thus, neuroscientists consider how our bodies influence our behavior. For example, they may examine the link between specific sites in the brain and the muscular tremors of people affected by Parkinson’s disease or attempt to determine how our emotions are related to physical sensations. Behavioral neuroscientists might want to know what physiological changes occurred as movie patrons in the theater where Batman was showing realized they were being shot at.
HOW DO PEOPLE SENSE, PERCEIVE, LEARN, AND THINK ABOUT THE WORLD?
If you have ever wondered why you are susceptible to optical illusions, how your body registers pain, or how to make the most of your study time, an experimental psychologist can answer your questions. Experimental psychology is the branch of psychology that studies the processes of sensing, perceiving, learning, and thinking about the world. (The term experimental psychologist is somewhat misleading: Psychologists in every specialty area use experimental techniques.)
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前言/序言
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