Ten Plays[欧里庇得斯十大戏剧] [平装] pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2025

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Euripides（欧里庇得斯） 著，Paul Roche 译

图书标签:

• 欧里庇得斯
• 古希腊戏剧
• 戏剧
• 文学
• 古典文学
• 悲剧
• 平装书
• 西方文学
• 戏剧文学
• 文学经典

出版社： Penguin US

ISBN：9780451527004

版次：1

商品编码：19043523

包装：平装

出版时间：1998-10-01

用纸：胶版纸

页数：608

正文语种：英文

商品尺寸：10.41x3.3x17.27cm

编辑推荐

　　欧里庇得斯，前485或480年——前406年）与埃斯库罗斯和索福克勒斯并称为希腊三大悲剧大师。

内容简介

A modern translation exclusive to signetFrom perhaps the greatest of the ancient Greek playwrights comes this collection of plays, including Alcestis, Hippolytus, Ion, Electra, Iphigenia at Aulis, Iphigenia Among the Taurians, Medea, The Bacchae, The Trojan Women, and The Cyclops.

　　欧里庇得斯民主政治衰落时期的悲剧诗人。在智者学派的影响下，他对神和命运之类的观念提出了异议。他所表现的神往往是荒谬的。在他看来，命运不是生前注定的，取决于人们自己的行为。他拥护雅典的民主制度，但对它日益暴露出的危机感到忧虑。特别是在内战期间的各种现实问题，在他的悲剧中获得了深刻的反映。对于雅典进行的不义战争，对于对外侵略、对内剥削的高压政策，对于压迫和虐待奴隶的问题，对于社会上存在的贫富悬殊、男女不平等、道德败坏的严重现象，都进行了揭露和批判。此书包括《美狄亚》、《希波吕托斯》、《特洛伊妇女》、《酒神的伴侣》等。

作者简介

Euripides was a voluminous writer, the number of his plays being variously stated at from seventy-five to ninety-two, including several satyric dramas. Of these nineteen have survived, with numerous fragments of others, though many of his best works have been lost and more have suffered from interpolations. He began his public career as a dramatist when twenty-four years of age, but was nearly twice as old when he gained his first decisive victory, winning the first prize only four times during his life and once after his death. Yet he was highly esteemed, not only in Athens but throughout the Hellenic world, and as Plutarch tells us, some of the Athenian captives, after the disaster of Syracuse, obtained their liberty by reciting passages from his dramas.

　　欧里庇得斯，前485或480年——前406年）与埃斯库罗斯和索福克勒斯并称为希腊三大悲剧大师，他一生共创作了九十多部作品，保留至今的有十八部。
　　欧里庇得斯（英文Euripides，公元前480年——前406年）与埃斯库罗斯和索福克勒斯并称为希腊三大悲剧大师，他一生共创作了九十多部作品，保留至今的有十八部。对于欧里庇得斯的评价，古往今来一向褒贬不一，有人说他是最伟大的悲剧作家，也有人说悲剧在他的手中衰亡，无论这些评价如何反复，无庸置疑的是欧里庇得斯的作品对于后世的影响是深远的。欧里庇得斯民主政治衰落时期的悲剧诗人。在智者学派的影响下，他对神和命运之类的观念提出了异议。他所表现的神往往是荒谬的。在他看来，命运不是生前注定的，取决于人们自己的行为。他拥护雅典的民主制度，但对它日益暴露出的危机感到忧虑。特别是在内战期间的各种现实问题，在他的悲剧中获得了深刻的反映。对于雅典进行的不义战争，对于对外侵略、对内剥削的高压政策，对于压迫和虐待奴隶的问题，对于社会上存在的贫富悬殊、男女不平等、道德败坏的严重现象，都进行了揭露和批判。正因为如此，他不能见谅于雅典当局，晚年不得不客居马其顿并在那里去世。

精彩书摘

Euripides Ten Plays By Euripides Signet Classics Copyright ? 1998 Euripides All right reserved. ISBN: 0451527003 Chapter One Hippolytus Translated by Richard Moore Cast APHRODITE, goddess of love, also called Cypris ARTEMIS, virgin goddess of hunting HIPPOLYTUS, son of Theseus HUNTSMEN MESSENGER NURSE of Phaedra PHAEDRA, wife of Theseus, stepmother of Hippolytus SERVANT THESEUS, king of Athens and Troezen CHORUS of Troezen women (Statue of Aphrodite, left; statue of Artemis, right; palace door, center. Choral space between audience and stage. Aphrodite enters from her image.) APHRODITE Everyone knows me. I'm Cypris, the goddess. Sex and desire, my specialties, draw men helpless from Pontus to Heracles' Pillars. Those that delight in me, I can reward them; those that detest me will harvest my hatred. Even immortals get caught in my soft snares. Goddesses love it when worshipers gather. Listen: I'll prove that this very hour. There is a fellow, King Theseus' young son, huntsman Hippolytus, lover of horses, born of an Amazon lady in Athens. Grandfather Pittheus raised the boy here in Troezen because of his unmarried mother. Hates me, this fellow. The thought of me sickens. Hates love's bed, scorns pleasures of marriage, worships instead prim Artemis, huntress, Phoebus' sister and Zeus' proud daughter; says she's the sacredest thing in the heavens. Never can leave her, adores her, his maiden. There with his dogs hunts beasts in the forest, he and his she-spirit blessing each other. Why should that bother me? Why should I mind that? Well, my Hippolytus, you shall pay dear, dear. All is prepared, and the path lies open. Not that I'll work very hard at it, mind you. Oh, it was years ago now when it started. Theseus, bringing a sexy new consort, Phaedra dear, home to his kingdom in Athens, thought: now what of Hippolytus, young boy got on that Amazon lady I mentioned? That's when he sent him to grandfather Pittheus here to be raised as the ruler of Troezen. But, as it happened, he went back to Athens once, to take part in the mysteries held there. Phaedra caught sight of him, heart in her throbbing shamefully: she was the wife of his father, she, proud ladyship, gripped in a raging criminal lust for him. That was my doing. Then, before coming to Troezen herself, she built me a shrine on a storm-lashed headland, visible here in the city, and called it, "Love from afar," for Hippolytus: wishes. ("Goddess, be seated!" our aftertimes call it.) Meanwhile Theseus, dealing with uncles, shed much blood, so he took a vacation, hoping for calm, and he moved his young family here, where Hippolytus lives. Here Phaedra wastes away, stung by her furious longings, dies of them, agonized; dares, though, no word breathe of it, guiltily hoarding her sickness. Terrified servants in wonderment whisper. Ah, but the truth of it's sure to get out soon, Theseus hear of it ... that I will see to. Oh then loudly he'll cry to Poseidon, call down curses the Sea God promised, down on that hateful Hippolytus, sweep him deep under earth ... poor Phaedra, devoted ... Oh what a pity! for she will die also, nevertheless with her name unsullied; still, she must die. How else can my proud foes learn that it's most unwise to insult me? Look there: Theseus' boy is approaching, beautiful man, and his hunting is over, lordly Hippolytus. Best that I leave now. Followers come with him, raising their clamor, filling the day with his Artemis ditties. Hasn't a clue that the Underworld's waiting. This day's light won't end till it ends him. (Exit. Enter Hippolytus and huntsmen.) HIPPOLYTUS Sing of her, sing of her, sing of sweet Artemis, Zeus' great daughter cares for us ever. HUNTSMEN Lady, lady, most holy, Zeus' great daughter, joy to you, joy to you, daughter of Zeus and of Leto, fairest of maidens high in the heavenly courts of your father glittering, golden, fairest of all on Olympus. HIPPOLYTUS Lady, this wreath from an untouched meadow, picked for you, woven with my own fingers, where no shepherded flocks, no farmer's plow has invaded, but only the bees in the springtime frequented, spirit of reverence tilled it, coaxed from the nearby stream sweet waters: men who have learned things, dominant sure ones, they have been left out, they have no place here. Untaught modesty gathers your flowers, leaving those impure spirits excluded. Queen of my being, accept this wreath now, meant for your glorious hair, all golden. I among mortals alone, great goddess, speak with you, hear you alone in the darkness, never have seen you, nor do I hope to. Let life end for me as you began it! SERVANT Only the gods have the title of master: would you consider a piece of advice, Prince? HIPPOLYTUS Fool I would be, good friend, if I wouldn't. SERVANT One great rule for us mortals--you know it? HIPPOLYTUS Know what? I don't understand what you're saying. SERVANT Men can get fall of themselves, lack friendship. HIPPOLYTUS Right. People full of themselves will deserve that. SERVANT And your relaxed ones tend to be charming? HIPPOLYTUS Definitely, and it costs them nothing. SERVANT (pointing to the sky) There among gods, things also are like that? HIPPOLYTUS Doubtless. We copy immortals, so yes, friend. SERVANT Furious goddesses, Prince, we should placate? HIPPOLYTUS Which goddess? Tell me, and watch what you're saying. SERVANT (pointing to the statue of Aphrodite) This goddess standing right here now, Cypris. HIPPOLYTUS That one chastely I greet from a distance. SERVANT Still, though, terrible, glorious is she. HIPPOLYTUS Bedtime goddesses, friend, you can keep them. SERVANT Honor all goddesses, or you'll regret it. HIPPOLYTUS Some choose one goddess, others another. SERVANT Luck to you, Prince, I'm afraid you may need it. HIPPOLYTUS Inside, followers! Look to our supper! After a good hunt, eating's a pleasure. You there, rub down my horses, and when we've eaten our fill, we'll go chariot riding. I say, Joy to you, Cypris, stay far off. (Exit.) SERVANT We say, young fools need not be mimicked. We who must serve in humility, humbly worship you, Cypris, and beg of you, dear one, try to forgive youth's follies, forgive him. Goddesses ought to be wiser than mortals. (Exeunt. Enter Chorus of Troezen women.) CHORUS Cliff in the mountains, flowing with water far from the ocean, fair to be scooped up, filling our pitchers, there a companion, washing our garments, spread them for drying, warm on the rock face-- there I heard news of my Queen. Lying afflicted, feverish, sickened there in her bedroom three long days now, nothing to nourish poor wracked body, golden hair shrouded: what secret grieving drives her life's voyage, soon to be harbored in death? Is it the wildness of forests deeply invades you, oh my suffering queen? Hecate's spirit or Pan's, mad Corybantian revels, honoring mountain-born Cybele? Have you sinned against Artemis, queen of all hunters? Dear, are you tainted? Is it the Lakelady lost in the eddying surf? Maybe your husband, nobly born ruler of Athens, ruled by his passions, finds other women, here in the palace perhaps makes love far from your bed. Maybe some sailor from Crete new to our harbor has just brought terrible news to our queen, binding her fast to her bed, lost in misfortunes. Nature in woman lacks harmony. Helpless she dwells among dangers, helplessness ever in all things. Birth's hard suffering wracks her, her own great foolishness also. Into my womb pierced birth pangs. Artemis, hearing me calling, came to me, quietly soothing. Her I shall worship forever. Look! It's her mistress' nurse in the doorway, and she is bringing the queen into daylight. Look there, look at her face all clouded! Sweet sad body so ravaged, so altered! Somehow, if we could just comprehend this ... NURSE Oh, these wretched diseases that plague us! What shall I do for you? What shall I not do? Darling, there's light here, I've brought out your sickbed just as you asked. Will you find some contentment clear of the house? "Take me out!" you kept calling. Now that you're out here, you still cry, find no constancy anywhere. What do you want, dear? Nothing, apparently, gives any pleasure. Anything present displeases you, not there's wished for. Better be sick than this nurse work! Sickness is miserable, yes, and I know that. That's just one thing. Nursing is two things: feeling the trouble and hard labor also. Nothing but misery, life for us mortals! Oh, is there anything better beyond this? All is in darkness, the poor sad light here all that we have, this light that we cling to, knowing not anything better behind it. Stories we tell of it, nothing but stories. PHAEDRA Lift me up! Hold up my head! All my muscles loosened and feeble, my beautiful arms, look! Off with this hat! Can't bear it. It's heavy. Off with it! Free my hair to my shoulders! NURSE Easy, my dear one! Don't toss about so! Sickness is easier, dear, when you're patient. Think of your dignity! People can see you. Suffering goes with mortality. Bear it! PHAEDRA Bring me to fresh springs high in the mountains. Let me drink cool fresh water and lie there, glad in the untouched meadows. NURSE Child, this is madness; those people will hear you, shocked that their queen's gone out of her senses. PHAEDRA Mountains! I must to the mountains. The pine groves wait for me, hounds of the huntsmen, the wild beasts, stags and the dog pack hurrying after, huntsmen shouting, the javelin cocked back right at my gold-haired ear, steel-pointed. NURSE What strange feverishness, wild madness? Hunting? And you such a delicate lady? Fresh springs? Right by the city wall, flowing. Drink there, dearie--as much as you thirst for. PHAEDRA Artemis, there in the salt lake splashing, mistress of echoing hoofs, you must help me. Oh, I shall run with you, taming wild horses. NURSE Gyrating words, wild frenzy and madness. Off to the hunt in the mountains, then horses suddenly breaking in--where? By the seashore? Dearie, my dearie, what god, what diviner is there to tell us what fury has gripped you? PHAEDRA Miserable! Oh, I'm so miserable! Help me! What have I done? Gone out of my senses. Madness, some goddess has maddened me, helpless. I'm so ashamed. Quick! Cover me quickly, hide me away again, Oh, so unhappy. Tears on my cheeks, I can feel them. They scald me, torture me, tell what I lack ... moderation. Bitter to know that, bitter to feel it. Better to die, know no more ever. NURSE There now, I've covered you. My old body, may deep death soon cover that also. (turns to the audience and Chorus) This long living can teach many lessons. Friendship, the feeling of one for another, sweet wine mixed with the evenings-- not to be mixed too strong. Sweet affection-- never allow it to touch to the marrow. Let such fetters be easily broken, easily tightened and easily loosened. it is not good that a bond pull deep as mine for this woman, and many have said it: thoughts too constant, too pure, can destroy us. Men must attend to their health, must remember, love may be sweet; moderation preserves us. CHORUS Gray-haired nurse to the queen, we can see poor Phaedra's affliction, but don't understand it. Kindly inform us. We wait for your answer. NURSE Nothing to tell you; she'll tell me nothing. CHORUS Not one hint of her trouble's beginning? NURSE Nothing, I tell you; obstinate silence. CHORUS Look at her body, though, agonized, wasted. NURSE Three whole days not a morsel has eaten. CHORUS Then ... is it madness, her longing for death, then? NURSE Yes, undoubtedly that's where she's headed. CHORUS Well, does her husband know anything of this? NURSE No, she denies it, her sickness conceals it. CHORUS But he would guess with a glance at her wracked face. NURSE He's not here. He's away from the city. CHORUS Well, you must force her, must press her to tell you clearly what's making her poor wits wander. NURSE Look, I've tried everything; nothing unlocks her. Well, even now, though, I won't stop trying. Judge me, you women; I have always been faithful, haven't I, fighting my master's afflictions? (to Phaedra) So, noble lady, dear child, let's be gracious, kind; and let's soften that glowering at me. Granted, I've not sympathetically listened always before. So we'll try something new now. If you are ill with a secret, some illness, women are standing right here who can help you if you will let them and tell them your troubles. Say, so a doctor can make a pronouncement. Nothing, dear? Can't you say anything, lady? This grim silence is getting us nowhere. Either I'm wrong and you can correct me, or I am right and you should obey me. Say something! Look at me! ... Oh, it's hopeless. Woman, I've tried, I have labored, belabored ... (to the Chorus) We are as far from all knowledge as ever. Now it's the same as before. Unmelted, stiff she remains and refuses to hear me. (to Phaedra) Queen, you should know this, though to my reasons obstinate still as the circling ocean: Dying is murderous, murders your children. They, if you die, lose out in your kingdom. One, by the Amazon rider who bore him, bastard in birth, but a prince in his own mind, one you know well, dear, Hippolytus-- PHAEDRA No, no! NURSE So, that's touched you. PHAEDRA O nurse, don't kill me. Oh, don't mention that man to me ever. NURSE Well then; you've come to your senses ... and still you don't mind killing yourself and your children? PHAEDRA Children? I love them. Other storms wrench me. NURSE Is there a stain on your hands? Are they bloody? PHAEDRA Clean! It's my heart that is stained, blood-sodden. NURSE Sorcery, then, from some enemy taints you? PHAEDRA Loved one! Ruins me! Neither one wills it. NURSE Master? Has he done something against you? PHAEDRA Gods! Keep me guiltless in that man's presence! NURSE What is this strange thing driving you deathward? PHAEDRA Leave me my wrongs. You're not wronged by them, are you? NURSE (on her knees, clasping Phaedra) Why are you doing this, driving me from you? PHAEDRA Why are you grasping me, grasping my hands now? NURSE Knees too grasping. I won't let you go, dear. PHAEDRA Sorrowful nurse! You will find out my secret. NURSE Losing you, what more terrible sorrow? PHAEDRA And you will kill me. My life is in silence. NURSE Still you'll hide it, ignore my pleading? PHAEDRA Here in my shame, dear, I will have honor. NURSE If there's honor here, let words tell it! PHAEDRA Oh, by the gods, let go of me, go, go! NURSE Not till you tell me, not till I hear it. PHAEDRA Spoken! Your suppliant arms have compelled me. NURSE I'll say no more; yours is the word now. PHAEDRA Miserable mother, your lust ... what horror! NURSE That she adored that bull, even mated ... PHAEDRA Sister as well; Dionysus seduced her. NURSE Why these tales of your relatives, darling? PHAEDRA I am the third who miserably perish. NURSE Frightening words, where, where are they leading? PHAEDRA It's an inherited curse, not recent. NURSE What's not recent? I still have heard nothing. PHAEDRA Oh can't you say them, the words? Do I have to? NURSE Am I a prophet, to guess hidden secrets? PHAEDRA What is it? Poor men label it, passion. NURSE Pleasure it brings, pain, braided together. PHAEDRA Pain, yes; that I have known, and I know it. NURSE Ah! You're in love, child! Who is the man, then? PHAEDRA There is a man ... with an Amazon mother ... NURSE Meaning ... Hippolytus! PHAEDRA You said it, not I. NURSE What do you say, child? This will be my death. No, woman; no one's alive who can bear this. I ... live? Die rather, cursing the daylight, cursing the bright hot sun there above us, throw myself from a cliff, fall headlong. I will be rid of life somehow, somehow say to you all, Farewell!--and be ended. (goes to the statue of Aphrodite) Chaste people don't love vice, now do they? Oh, but they do love it. You are no goddess, Cypris; you're stronger than that, if it can be, you who have ruined her, ruined this great house. (Exit.) CHORUS Hear, did you hear it, hear the queen crying cries of disaster? Ears oughtn't hear that. Die I would rather, rather then hear that. Sorry I am for her, cry for her troubles. Troubles destroy her. You are the dead one, dragging your ruin into our daylight. Now what will happen, now what waits in your long life's ruin? What new horror comes to this house now? Yes, we can see now how it will all end, miserable Crete girl, victim of Cypris, born of your dark and bull-loving mother. PHAEDRA (distracted, trying to make sense) Listen to me, you women of Troezen, watching me here on Hellas' headland: often through night's long dark I've considered how an existence like mine can be shattered. Foolishness can't be the cause, for the victim's often intelligent. Look at it this way: Some know the good, apprehending it clearly, just can't seem to achieve it, and others, lazy perhaps, or they value some pleasure other than honor ... and woman's existence, so full of pleasures--amusements and gossip-- leisure, that curse of us. Shame! How it plagues us! Shame is of two kinds: one, quite harmless ... then, there's this other, this ruin of houses. Can't I be clearer? I think so. I'll try to. That one word, it has two different meanings. Oh, have I said that? ... Here's my opinion. Nothing will change it, no spell, no elixir. From the beginning I'll say how my thoughts went. Then, when the rage first entered me, how best bear it, I wondered? Conceal it in silence! That is the best thing clearly, for tongues are not to be trusted. They criticize, slander, and to their owners they bring much trouble. Second, I thought I could fight love's fury, nobly endure it, subduing the madness, brave, overpower her, Cypris ... My failure moved me at last to consider the third way. Death is the best of all plans. Who disputes it? Death leaves virtue intact. Let my good deeds honor my memory, shames be forgotten. Cursed be the deed and the passionate longing! I am a woman, and men don't forgive that. Vile to pollute it, the marital chamber, bringing strange men there. Our high-born women showed us the way. The nobility lead us; they're the example. The lowly will follow. Women who mouth chaste words, but in secret revel in lechery--Oh, I detest that! How can such guilty ones look at their husbands? Answer me, Cypris! Oh, won't they in terror hear in the darkness their roofbeams screaming? Death will protect me from that, and my husband, children. And may they have prosperous lifetimes, nurtured in Athens, where free men flourish! They will have strength from their much-honored mother. How it enslaves stout men to remember sins that their fathers and mothers committed! One thing only in life gives mortals strength to endure life: they have been decent. Life shows, as to a girl in a mirror, each of us, sooner or later, his vileness. All must look at it. I shall not be there. CHORUS Ah, ah! Everywhere chastity valued, felt to be beautiful. Isn't that lovely! (Enter Nurse.) NURSE Mistress, the terrible news that you gave me suddenly just now--dearie, it shocked me. Now I can see I was foolish. With mortals, second thoughts, now I can see, might be better. Really, they strike us a lot, to my thinking, passion-bolts flung by the Goddess. You love him. What's there to marvel at? Many are like you. Will you destroy your existence because love doesn't seem proper? What profit's in that, dear? Everyone loves, and it's nothing to die for. Cypris attacks us; she's rough when resisted, but when we yield, she becomes much milder. How she mistreats them, the haughty and proud ones! Flies through the air, then dips in the sea-wave. Everything's born of her, everything living. Hers is the urge and desire that brings forth all earth's creatures, and all are her children. Haven't you read in the books of the poets how once for Semele great Zeus lusted? Didn't the radiant Dawn once snatch up Cephalus? These have been driven by love, all. Think of them, happy up there in the heavens, glad, though they're gods, to be conquered by passion. Won't play along with this, will you? Your father should have begotten you under a contract not to obey love's laws--under different gods set apart from the rest of us. Tell me: How many men, dear, seeing their wives in bright day carrying on with a lover, close their eyes and pretend to see nothing? How many fathers have pandered for sons, dear? Wise men can tell you: dishonor kept hidden's perfectly honorable, and I ask you: whence comes man's strange itch for perfection? Even the roofs of his houses are sloping. Lost on your life's deep storm-tossed ocean, think about swimming to shore. And consider: here in our state of mortality, when your good deeds outweigh evil, you're lucky. Dearie, get rid of your thoughts, of that proud old urge to outdo the immortals, that madness. Courage! Some deity wished this to happen. Since you are sick, find something to cure you: charms, incantations, who knows what might help you? All those clever discoveries men make wouldn't be made without women to help them. CHORUS Phaedra, the words that she utters are useful in your predicament; praiseworthy, your words, though they may sound to you much less pleasant: kind to your name, not to you; yet I praise them. PHAEDRA (to the Nurse) Speeches like yours bring cities to ruin, pleasant to hear, yet they dash down houses. Words aren't needed to flatter and soothe me; words are required that will save my honor. NURSE Fiddlesticks. High-flown rhetoric's not what's needed. What's needed's a lover. It's high time plain words entered and stripped the disguises, spoke clear truth to you, desperate mistress. Oh, if your life didn't hang in the balance, or if you weren't too weak to resist love's fury, I wouldn't be pandering like this. Life's to be saved, and I'm fighting to save it. PHAEDRA Speaker of horrors, for once will you keep still? Lock up your words! They are wicked and shameful. NURSE Shameful, no doubt; but they're beautiful for you, saving your life as they do. And your good name? Proud words bring you, my dear, to destruction. PHAEDRA Oh, gods ... these sweet words ... are disgusting. Go no further! I'm schooled. I am ready. I can endure love's fate. Won't you let me? Oh, I am trapped in the shame I would flee from! NURSE That's how you feel? Stick closer to virtue! Next best thing is to do what I tell you. I can provide you with medicine, love-cures, there in the house, that I just now thought of Nothing to frighten you, nothing to shame you, but it will lull you; you mustn't be timid. Yes! We must get from the loved man something-- maybe a word, or his hair, or a piece of clothing, to knit you two firmly together. Continues... Excerpted from Euripides by Euripides Copyright ? 1998 by Euripides. Excerpted by permission. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced or reprinted without permission in writing from the publisher.Excerpts are provided by Dial-A-Book Inc. solely for the personal use of visitors to this web site.

前言/序言

《古典戏剧的瑰宝：古希腊悲剧大师索福克勒斯精选剧作集》 精装版 译者序：在命运与人性的十字路口——重读索福克勒斯 古希腊悲剧是西方文学的源头活水，而索福克勒斯无疑是其中最光芒万丈的巨星之一。与埃斯库罗斯的宏大叙事和欧里庇得斯的哲学思辨不同，索福克勒斯的作品以其对个体人性、道德困境以及命运不可抗拒性的深刻洞察而著称。他被认为是戏剧结构和人物塑造的集大成者，他的剧作如同一面精确的棱镜，折射出人类精神世界中最复杂、最痛苦的光谱。 本书精选了索福克勒斯现存的七部伟大悲剧——《俄狄浦斯王》、《安提戈涅》、《伊阿索》、《厄勒克特拉》、《特拉基斯妇女》、《菲罗克忒忒斯》以及《俄狄浦斯在科罗诺斯》——并辅以对背景、历史和艺术成就的详尽考证。这七部作品，构建了一个从神谕的铁律到人的尊严的完整戏剧宇宙。 阅读索福克勒斯，意味着直面那些横亘在人类文明进程中的永恒命题：个体意志与集体律法（《安提戈涅》）的冲突；知识的获取与承受的痛苦（《俄狄浦斯王》）之间的悖论；背叛、复仇的循环（《厄勒克特拉》）；以及在极端逆境中如何保持高贵的勇气（《菲罗克忒忒斯》）。他笔下的人物，无论是高傲的国王、坚韧的女性还是被遗弃的英雄，都展现出一种“悲剧性的伟大”（Tragic Greatness）——他们并非全然邪恶，而是在追求某种高尚目标的过程中，因自身的盲点或外在的不可抗力而走向毁灭。 本次翻译力求在尊重原文的韵律和庄严感的同时，确保现代读者的理解无碍。我们对古希腊背景知识进行了细致的注解，帮助读者理解剧作中复杂的宗教仪式、政治背景以及独特的希腊语境。 索福克勒斯的作品不只是历史的遗迹，它们是关于“如何做人”的深刻教程。它们提醒我们，即便在命运的重压之下，人的选择和内在的坚韧依然具有无可替代的价值。愿这部精选集能带领读者穿越时空，与这些不朽的灵魂进行一次深沉的对话。 --- 目录与内容概述 本书收录了索福克勒斯现存的全部七部悲剧，并以最适合阅读和研究的顺序排列。每部戏剧都附有专门的导读，旨在帮助读者把握其核心冲突与艺术成就。 第一部分：命运的铁环——神谕与个体（The Iron Ring of Fate） 一、《俄狄浦斯王》（Oedipus Rex） 主题聚焦： 盲目性、知识的代价、宿命论与自由意志的界限。 内容梗概： 本剧被亚里士多德誉为“最完美的悲剧”。故事围绕底比斯国王俄狄浦斯展开，他致力于调查前任国王拉伊俄斯的谋杀案，却在不知情的情况下，一步步揭开了自己弑父娶母的骇人真相。戏剧的张力来自于信息的不对称性：观众早已知晓真相，而俄狄浦斯本人则在智者提瑞西阿斯和各种证据的引导下，逐渐走向自我揭露的深渊。剧作精妙地展示了人类试图逃避预言的徒劳，以及知识在达到一定程度后带来的毁灭性后果。剧末，俄狄浦斯刺瞎双眼，象征着他终于“看清”了真相，但也付出了惨重的代价。 二、《安提戈涅》（Antigone） 主题聚焦： 个人良知与国家法律（城邦律法）的冲突；神圣的未写之律与世俗权力的对立。 内容梗概： 俄狄浦斯两个儿子波吕尼克斯与厄忒俄克勒斯互相残杀后，摄政王克瑞翁颁布法令，禁止为叛国者波吕尼克斯举行正式葬礼。安提戈涅，作为虔诚的妹妹，认为对神祇和血亲的义务高于国王的命令，毅然违抗法令，埋葬了她的兄弟。戏剧的高潮在于安提戈涅与克瑞翁之间关于“何为正义”的激烈辩论。索福克勒斯通过展示安提戈涅的坚定与克瑞翁的专制，探讨了法律的局限性以及过度刚愎自用（Hubris）的毁灭性后果。 第二部分：复仇与正义的循环（The Cycle of Vengeance and Justice） 三、《厄勒克特拉》（Electra） 主题聚焦： 长期的痛苦、复仇的道德性、期待的煎熬。 内容梗概： 本剧讲述了阿伽门农的女儿厄勒克特拉，在父亲被母亲克吕泰涅斯特拉和情夫埃癸斯托斯谋杀后，生活在压抑和屈辱之中。她坚定地等待着哥哥俄瑞斯忒斯归来为父报仇。与欧里庇得斯的同名剧作相比，索福克勒斯的版本更侧重于厄勒克特拉内心燃烧的仇恨和对正义的执着。当俄瑞斯忒斯和帕拉德斯乔装归来时，复仇行动的实施被安排得极为紧张和突然，深刻探讨了正义的执行过程及其对执行者心灵的影响。 四、《阿伊阿斯》（Ajax） 主题聚焦： 英雄荣誉（Timē）的失落与维护；耻辱感对人格的摧毁。 内容梗概： 继阿喀琉斯死后，他的盔甲本应归属于最勇敢的战士。当雅典娜的介入使阿喀琉斯的盔甲被判给奥德修斯时，英雄阿伊阿斯羞愤欲绝。他错将牧群当作了希腊联军的主帅，并将之屠戮殆尽。当他清醒过来，面对自己犯下的滔天大错，英雄的荣誉感无法承受这种屈辱，最终选择了自刎。本剧深刻描绘了一个纯粹的、信奉绝对荣誉的战士，在面对现实的嘲弄和荣誉的贬值时，其精神世界的彻底崩塌。 第三部分：放逐与流亡中的人性光辉（Humanity in Exile） 五、《特拉基斯妇女》（The Women of Trachis） 主题聚焦： 爱情的误用与摧毁性；无知与嫉妒的力量。 内容梗概： 故事围绕赫拉克勒斯（大力神）的妻子得伊阿尼拉展开。得伊阿尼拉多年来一直活在对丈夫四处征战和风流韵事的恐惧中。她误信了半人马倪索斯的遗言，将据说是“爱情魔药”的赫拉克勒斯血液制成一件汗衫送给丈夫，希望能维系他的爱。然而，这实际上是剧毒。赫拉克勒斯穿上汗衫后遭受了无法忍受的剧痛，最终请求被送上火葬柴堆。本剧的悲剧性在于，一切源于爱与恐惧的良善初衷，却因无知和误解酿成了最可怕的毁灭。 六、《菲罗克忒忒斯》（Philoctetes） 主题聚焦： 遗弃的痛苦；道德的说服力与政治的权谋。 内容梗概： 英雄菲罗克忒忒斯因脚上恶臭的伤口在克里特岛被同伴遗弃。十年后，特洛伊战争的胜利需要依靠他弓箭的力量。奥德修斯设计引诱年轻的尼俄普托勒摩斯（阿喀琉斯之子）前往劝说菲罗克忒忒斯归队。戏剧的核心冲突发生在尼俄普托勒摩斯必须在履行奥德修斯奸诈的计谋与展现自身高贵品格之间做出抉择。索福克勒斯在此剧中赞扬了真诚（Sincerity）的力量，最终尼俄普托勒摩斯选择违背奥德修斯的命令，用诚恳的说服而非欺骗带回了英雄及其神力。 七、《俄狄浦斯在科罗诺斯》（Oedipus at Colonus） 主题聚焦： 晚年的尊严、神圣的庇护与政治的利用。 内容梗概： 这是索福克勒斯最后完成的剧作，讲述了流亡中的俄狄浦斯在雅典城外的科罗诺斯安度晚年的故事。他寻求雅典的庇护，并预言自己死后将成为对雅典有益的庇佑神。剧作的高潮在于他与女儿安提戈妮的感人重逢，以及与不愿接纳他的弟弟厄忒俄克勒斯派来的使者的对峙。此剧赋予了悲剧人物最终的平静与超越，展现了即使被命运彻底击垮的人，依然可以通过对神祇的虔诚和对友谊的维护，赢得最终的尊严和不朽。 --- 艺术成就与评论导读 索福克勒斯对希腊戏剧的贡献是结构性的。他引入了第三位演员，极大地丰富了舞台上的对话和冲突层次；他削弱了合唱团在叙事中的主导地位，将焦点完全集中在主要角色的心理挣扎上。 本书所收录的剧作，每一部都代表着对特定道德困境的极致挖掘： 1. 人物的独立性（The Autonomous Character）： 索福克勒斯笔下的人物不再是神谕的被动执行者，而是具有强烈、坚韧的意志。他们做出选择，并承担全部后果。即便是面对无法逃脱的命运，他们的人格光芒也因其抗争的姿态而愈发耀眼。 2. 戏剧的张力（Dramatic Tension）： 他的悲剧结构紧凑，常常在短时间内爆发，很少有冗余的场面。信息的揭示和心理的崩塌被精确地安排在关键时刻。 3. 对“人”的赞颂： 尽管主题沉重，索福克勒斯的作品核心却是一种对人类精神韧性的赞颂。他展示了恐惧、背叛和痛苦之后，人依然有能力做出高贵的选择。 本选集旨在为严肃的戏剧研究者、古典文学爱好者以及对西方思想史感兴趣的读者，提供一个全面而深入的索福克勒斯戏剧世界入口。通过阅读这些历经两千多年考验的文本，我们可以更好地理解西方文化中“悲剧精神”的根基。

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这本书的装帧设计，尤其是封面艺术的选择，相当有品位，体现了一种低调的奢华感。它没有采用那种俗套的、色彩斑斓的古希腊场景图，而是选择了一种更具象征意义的、留白较多的现代主义风格，这让我觉得编者对欧里庇得斯作品的理解是深刻的——他关注的远超神祇干预的表象，而在于个体在宏大叙事下的无力感。阅读体验上，这本书的开本大小非常适合手持，无论是在咖啡馆还是在昏黄的书房灯下，捧读起来都极具仪式感。我建议读者，如果时间允许，可以先看一遍译者写的导读，对时代背景有个大致了解后，再进入正文，那样的沉浸感会大大增强。每一次翻开，都像是一次对西方戏剧灵魂的深度潜水。

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坦率地说，我对这套书的初始期待其实不高，因为古希腊戏剧的翻译往往容易流于腔调过重或过于直白，难以把握那种介于史诗和日常对话之间的微妙平衡。然而，这套“十大戏剧”的译文表现出了惊人的克制与精准。它没有过度地“现代化”语言，保持了文本原有的庄严感，但在关键的情感爆发点，译者的选择又极其到位，能让读者瞬间感受到人物的撕心裂肺。比如《酒神的女信徒》，那种理智与疯狂的交织，在译文中被处理得丝丝入扣。我发现自己不是在“读”一个故事，而是在“观看”一场精心编排的心理剧。如果你对神话故事背后的哲学思辨感兴趣，这本书绝对能满足你对深度探讨的胃口。它迫使你去思考：命运、自由意志、以及神祇的冷漠究竟意味着什么。

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我习惯于对比不同译本，而这套《十大戏剧》在我看来，无疑是目前市面上最值得珍藏的版本之一。它的注释系统做得极为出色，很多时候，一小段希腊背景知识的补充，就如同给整个场景打上了一束探照灯，让原本模糊的动机变得清晰可见。不同于某些版本偏重于对白韵律的模仿而牺牲了语义的准确性，这套书的翻译在准确性和可读性之间找到了一个非常优雅的平衡点。我特别欣赏它对“女性意识”的呈现，欧里庇得斯对女性处境的描绘，在当时的社会环境下是极具颠覆性的，这套译本成功地捕捉到了这种前卫的批判精神。读完后，我仿佛与那些在古老城邦中挣扎的女性角色进行了跨越时空的对话，那种复杂的情感体验是任何快餐文化都无法提供的。

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这套《欧里庇得斯十大戏剧》的精装版本，拿到手时就有一种沉甸甸的古典气息。纸张的质感相当不错，印刷清晰，即便是那些复杂的古希腊名字和神话背景，阅读起来也不会感到吃力。我尤其欣赏译者在注释方面的用心，很多晦涩难懂的典故和当时雅典的政治背景，都有详尽的解释，这对于一个初次接触古希腊悲剧的读者来说，简直是救星。我花了很长时间来品味《美狄亚》，那位充满力量与绝望的女性形象，在文字中跃然而出，那种震撼感是当代戏剧难以比拟的。欧里庇得斯似乎对人性的阴暗面有着近乎残酷的洞察力，他笔下的人物不再是脸谱化的英雄，而是充满了矛盾、挣扎和不完美的真实个体。读完后，我常常需要静坐良久才能从那种强烈的悲剧氛围中抽离出来。这套书不仅仅是文学作品的收藏，更像是一把钥匙，打开了理解西方文明源头的任意门。

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我必须说，这次购书体验非常棒，物流速度快得惊人，包装严密，书本完好无损地到达我手中。这套“十大戏剧”选得非常到位，涵盖了欧里庇得斯创作生涯的几个重要阶段，可以看到他从早期的创新到后期对传统悲剧模式的颠覆。比如，读到《特洛伊妇女》时，那种对战争残酷性的控诉，即使是两千多年前的文字，依然能击中现代人的心房，让人深思和平的代价。这本书的排版设计很舒服，行距适中，侧边留白恰到好处，使得翻页和标记重点都很方便。我喜欢在阅读时在旁边随手记录一些感受，这套书的纸张吸收墨水效果很好，不会洇墨。总的来说，这是一次物超所值的投资，对于任何一个对古典文学、历史或者戏剧理论感兴趣的人来说，都是案头必备的经典。

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by Paul Roche

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很好的书，非常好的书！

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第二部

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The first playwright of democracy, Euripides wrote with enduring insight and biting satire about social and political problems of Athenian life.

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一起买的6本书，全部是盗版的，纸张质量差到无以加复！真想一把火烧了！

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欧里庇得斯的名作几乎已经一网打尽，企鹅的版的书还是一如将往的价廉物美，值得。

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单纯无知的皮普慢慢习惯了伦敦的生活，和小时候打架的赫伯斯成了朋友和室友，从律师那里拿钱挥霍，结识了律师手下的一个官员，在一个郝维辛小姐的亲戚家接受教育，并加入了一个愚蠢的俱乐部，并且坚持每星期去看望他喜爱的埃·斯黛拉，并沉湎于她的美色和谎言，并妒嫉一个和埃·斯黛拉来往密切的猥琐龌龊的富有的乡绅士，从而开始了他的交际活动。

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单纯无知的皮普慢慢习惯了伦敦的生活，和小时候打架的赫伯斯成了朋友和室友，从律师那里拿钱挥霍，结识了律师手下的一个官员，在一个郝维辛小姐的亲戚家接受教育，并加入了一个愚蠢的俱乐部，并且坚持每星期去看望他喜爱的埃·斯黛拉，并沉湎于她的美色和谎言，并妒嫉一个和埃·斯黛拉来往密切的猥琐龌龊的富有的乡绅士，从而开始了他的交际活动。

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纸质一般。为什么非要500字以上才有积分啊，我又要发挥我的作文水平了，可是太久没有写感觉好陌生！现在天天都是电脑电视手机之类的，真的很少看书了，其实书真的是好东西，看了可以长知识，还可以收藏，经常看看也可以对自己做下提高。每天读点书，日积月累书就可以越读越多，不知不觉的增长了知识。这本书很实用，小孩子读真的挺好，里面图文并茂，比大人讲要好的多，自己可以和小朋友一起看，她不懂的可以讲给她听！呵呵，说的很好的，我家小孩还不会看这些书，三岁还不到，我先把书囤着，有空了自己先看下，等她大了垫在给她看！哈哈，现在小朋友的书真的是太好看了，比起我以前读的课外书真的是好多了，无论从纸张，还是硬刷质量上来看都好的多，然后书本类容也好消化，由浅至深，里面也插了很多图，看了几页还想往下翻。我们以前的书都从头到尾都是字，看多了觉得很枯燥！看来，真的是时代变了，什么东西都在改变，书本也越做越好，就是每本书里面页数不多，每本都有点薄，不过时活动时购入，怎么也比自己大热天在书店里挑选，再坐车把书搬回来还是划算点的！这次一次性买了好几套书，够我看一阵子的了，希望以后多多有活动，到时候再来光临！