具体描述
内容简介
One of the New York Times 10 Best Books of the Year
A Best Book of the Year: The Economist, Publishers Weekly, Kirkus Reviews
Winner of the Costa Biography Award
Finalist -- Los Angeles Times Book Prize
Finalist -- Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Nonfiction
Finalist -- Kirkus Reviews Prize for Nonfiction
Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859) was an intrepid explorer and the most famous scientist of his age. In North America, his name still graces four counties, thirteen towns, a river, parks, bays, lakes, and mountains. His restless life was packed with adventure and discovery, whether he was climbing the highest volcanoes in the world or racing through anthrax-infected Siberia or translating his research into bestselling publications that changed science and thinking. Among Humboldt’s most revolutionary ideas was a radical vision of nature, that it is a complex and interconnected global force that does not exist for the use of humankind alone.
Now Andrea Wulf brings the man and his achievements back into focus: his daring expeditions and investigation of wild environments around the world and his discoveries of similarities between climate and vegetation zones on different continents. She also discusses his prediction of human-induced climate change, his remarkable ability to fashion poetic narrative out of scientific observation, and his relationships with iconic figures such as Simón Bolívar and Thomas Jefferson. Wulf examines how Humboldt’s writings inspired other naturalists and poets such as Darwin, Wordsworth, and Goethe, and she makes the compelling case that it was Humboldt’s influence that led John Muir to his ideas of natural preservation and that shaped Thoreau’s Walden.
With this brilliantly researched and compellingly written book, Andrea Wulf shows the myriad fundamental ways in which Humboldt created our understanding of the natural world, and she champions a renewed interest in this vital and lost player in environmental history and science. 精彩书评
“Engrossing. . . . Wulf magnificently recreates Humboldt’s dazzling, complex personality and the scope of his writing. . . . Her book fulfills her aim to restore Humboldt to his place ‘in the pantheon of nature and science,’ revealing his approach as a key source for our modern understanding of the natural world.”
—The Wall Street Journal
“Gripping. . . . Wulf has delved deep into her hero’s life and travelled widely to feel nature as he felt it. . . . No one who reads this brilliant book is likely to forget Humboldt.”
—New Scientist
“Wulf (Chasing Venus) makes an impassioned case for the reinstatement of the boundlessly energetic, perpetually curious, prolific polymath von Humboldt (1769–1859) as a key figure in the history of science. . . . Wulf’s stories of wilderness adventure and academic exchange flow easily, and her affection for von Humboldt is contagious.”
—Publishers Weekly (starred review and staff pick)
“Andrea Wulf is a writer of rare sensibilities and passionate fascinations. I always trust her to take me on unforgettable journeys through amazing histories of botanical exploration and scientific unfolding. Her work is wonderful, her language sublime, her intelligence unflagging.”
—Elizabeth Gilbert, bestselling author of The Signature of All Things and Big Magic
"The Invention of Nature is a big, magnificent, adventurous book—so vividly written and daringly researched—a geographical pilgrimage and an intellectual epic! With brilliant, surprising, and thought-provoking connections to Simón Bolívar, Charles Darwin, William Herschel, Charles Lyell, Walt Whitman, Edgar Allan Poe, Henry David Thoreau, and George Perkins Marsh. The book is a major achievement.”
—Richard Holmes, author of Coleridge and The Age of Wonder
“Engrossing. . . . Humboldt was the Einstein of the 19th century but far more widely read, and Wulf successfully combines a biography with an intoxicating history of his times.”
—Kirkus Reviews (starred review)
“This is a truly wonderful book. The German-speaking world does not need to be reminded of Alexander Humboldt, the last universal genius of European history. The English-speaking world does, astonishingly, need such a reminder, and Andrea Wulf has told the tale with such brio, such understanding, such depth. The physical journeyings, all around South America when it was virtually terra incognita, are as exciting as the journeys of Humboldt’s mind into astronomy, literature, philosophy and every known branch of science. This is one of the most exciting intellectual biographies I have ever read, up there with Lewes’s Goethe and Ray Monk’s Wittgenstein. And all around the subject is the world, gradually learning to be modern—sometimes it knew it was being taught by Humboldt, sometimes not, but there is hardly a branch of knowledge which he did not touch and influence. Hoorah, hoorah!!”
—A. N. Wilson, author of The Victorians and Victoria: A Life
“Andrea Wulf’s marvelous book should go a long way towards putting this captivating eighteenth century German scientist, traveler and opinion-shaper back at the heart of the way we look at the world which Humboldt helped to interpret, and whose environmental problems he predicted. She has captured the excitement and intimacy of his experiences within the pages of this irresistible and consistently absorbing life of a man whose discoveries have shaped the way we see.”
—Miranda Seymour, author of Noble Endeavors: A History of England and Germany
“Exuberant, delightful. . . . Wulf is unquestionably right that von Humboldt—a happy, sarcastic, preternaturally talented polymath—is far less well-known outside of Germany than he should be. If The Invention of Nature reaches the wide readership it deserves, we can hope that situation will change.”
—Open Letters Monthly
探索未知,丈量世界:一部关于探险、科学与人类精神的史诗 书名:[请在此处填入一个假想的书名,例如:《星辰与罗盘:失落的地理学家的遗产》] [此书简介] 引言:当我们凝视地图的边缘 人类的好奇心,如同永不熄灭的火种,驱动着我们走出洞穴,穿越海洋,去叩问星辰的秘密,去理解脚下大地的脉搏。本书并非一部枯燥的科学教科书,而是一部关于人类求知欲的宏大叙事诗,它将带领读者深入探寻那些被历史的尘埃所掩盖的伟大探险故事,聚焦于那些在“未知”的疆域上留下深刻足迹的先驱者们。我们将穿越时空,重温那些决定了现代科学版图的关键性远征,那些挑战生理极限、颠覆既有认知的壮举。 第一部分:蛮荒的召唤与科学的黎明 故事始于一个科学尚在萌芽、世界尚未被精确测量的时代。想象一下,没有全球定位系统,没有详尽的地理图谱,只有指南针、六分仪和一股近乎偏执的求知欲。本卷将详细描绘早期的探险家们如何面对未知的恐惧与诱惑。 我们将跟随一位虚构的18世纪末期的博物学家,阿德里安·范·德·维尔德,他坚信自然界的秩序可以通过细致的观察和系统的分类被揭示。书中将细致刻画他在南美洲安第斯山脉的艰难跋涉。那里的气候变幻莫测,从灼热的丛林到冰封的山巅,每一步都充满了危险。维尔德不仅仅是为了收集植物标本或绘制新的河流走向,他试图建立一种“整体性”的自然观——即山脉的形成、河流的走向、动植物的栖息地之间存在着深刻的、相互关联的联系。 书中详细记录了他对高山气候对植物形态影响的观察笔记,以及他如何在缺乏现代医疗条件的情况下,记录并尝试理解土著居民的传统医学知识。我们会深入探讨他如何通过精确的温度和气压测量,首次推导出高海拔地区空气密度的变化规律,这在当时是革命性的发现。维尔德的旅程,是对当时“孤立学科”研究范式的有力挑战,他展示了地理学、植物学、地质学和人类学是如何交织在一起,共同构成对地球的理解。 第二部分:大洋彼岸的密语:失落的文明与地理的边界 探险的脚步从未停歇。第二部分将场景切换至广阔无垠的太平洋。我们将聚焦于一个被遗忘的航海家族——马龙尼家族。他们是19世纪中期,在欧洲列强忙于绘制殖民地地图时,默默地在南太平洋岛屿间穿梭的先驱。他们的目标并非财富,而是精确校准经纬度,并记录那些即将消失的岛屿文化。 书中将引人入胜地描述马龙尼家族如何利用自制的精密天文仪器,克服赤道附近海域的磁场干扰,校正当时广泛使用的海图错误。他们与波利尼西亚各个部落的交往,细致入微地展现了跨文化交流的复杂性——既有基于互信的知识交换,也有因误解和疾病带来的悲剧。我们会详细分析他们绘制的关于珊瑚礁生态系统和洋流模式的图谱,这些图谱比当时官方海军测绘图早了数十年才被西方科学界所接纳。 此外,本部分还会探讨探险家们在记录“人类多样性”时所面临的伦理困境。书中会收录马龙尼家族成员的私人信件,揭示他们如何在“科学观察者”的身份与对被观察民族的真诚关怀之间挣扎。他们记录了口述历史、神话传说,并将这些“软性”的人类学资料,与严谨的地理测量数据并置,试图构建一幅更完整的人类与环境互动图景。 第三部分:地下的秘密与地貌的演化 本书的后半部分将深入地球的内部结构,探索19世纪中叶地质学思想的激烈碰撞。重点转向对火山活动和矿产资源的系统性研究。我们将追踪一位名叫伊莱莎·霍尔姆的女性地质学家——一个在当时几乎被科学界排斥的群体。 霍尔姆不满足于地表岩石的简单分类。她利用早期的压力和温度实验技术,试图重建地球内部熔岩的物理状态。书中将详述她如何在冰岛的活跃地热区进行考察,记录喷泉的周期性、酸性气体的排放模式,并基于此提出了一个关于地壳板块松动与重组的早期猜想。她的研究不仅是关于岩石的,更是关于时间——理解地球的年龄和其改造自身的巨大力量。 本书将对比霍尔姆的“渐进主义”地质观与当时流行的“灾变论”,通过她充满激情的学术辩论和实地考察记录,读者将清晰地看到现代地质学理论是如何一步步从争论和怀疑中诞生。她的工具箱里,有黄铜显微镜、酸性试剂盒,以及对地壳深处隐秘力量的敬畏。 结语:永恒的探索精神 《[假想书名]》不仅仅是对过去伟大探险家的致敬,它更是一面镜子,映照出我们当代人所继承的探索精神。这些先驱者们面对的困难是巨大的——疾病、迷路、资金匮乏、知识的局限性。然而,正是这种对“已知世界的拓展”的渴望,塑造了我们的世界观。 本书的价值在于,它揭示了伟大的科学发现往往不是在舒适的实验室中完成的,而是在泥泞、汗水和无尽的孤独中,通过最纯粹的观察和记录而诞生的。它提醒我们,每一次对地图的描边,每一次对物种的命名,每一次对山脉的攀登,都是人类心智与自然界进行的一场永恒的、充满敬意的对话。这是一部献给所有不甘于现状,渴望理解脚下土地和头顶星空的人的史诗。