具體描述
內容簡介
One of the New York Times 10 Best Books of the Year
A Best Book of the Year: The Economist, Publishers Weekly, Kirkus Reviews
Winner of the Costa Biography Award
Finalist -- Los Angeles Times Book Prize
Finalist -- Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Nonfiction
Finalist -- Kirkus Reviews Prize for Nonfiction
Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859) was an intrepid explorer and the most famous scientist of his age. In North America, his name still graces four counties, thirteen towns, a river, parks, bays, lakes, and mountains. His restless life was packed with adventure and discovery, whether he was climbing the highest volcanoes in the world or racing through anthrax-infected Siberia or translating his research into bestselling publications that changed science and thinking. Among Humboldt’s most revolutionary ideas was a radical vision of nature, that it is a complex and interconnected global force that does not exist for the use of humankind alone.
Now Andrea Wulf brings the man and his achievements back into focus: his daring expeditions and investigation of wild environments around the world and his discoveries of similarities between climate and vegetation zones on different continents. She also discusses his prediction of human-induced climate change, his remarkable ability to fashion poetic narrative out of scientific observation, and his relationships with iconic figures such as Simón Bolívar and Thomas Jefferson. Wulf examines how Humboldt’s writings inspired other naturalists and poets such as Darwin, Wordsworth, and Goethe, and she makes the compelling case that it was Humboldt’s influence that led John Muir to his ideas of natural preservation and that shaped Thoreau’s Walden.
With this brilliantly researched and compellingly written book, Andrea Wulf shows the myriad fundamental ways in which Humboldt created our understanding of the natural world, and she champions a renewed interest in this vital and lost player in environmental history and science. 精彩書評
“Engrossing. . . . Wulf magnificently recreates Humboldt’s dazzling, complex personality and the scope of his writing. . . . Her book fulfills her aim to restore Humboldt to his place ‘in the pantheon of nature and science,’ revealing his approach as a key source for our modern understanding of the natural world.”
—The Wall Street Journal
“Gripping. . . . Wulf has delved deep into her hero’s life and travelled widely to feel nature as he felt it. . . . No one who reads this brilliant book is likely to forget Humboldt.”
—New Scientist
“Wulf (Chasing Venus) makes an impassioned case for the reinstatement of the boundlessly energetic, perpetually curious, prolific polymath von Humboldt (1769–1859) as a key figure in the history of science. . . . Wulf’s stories of wilderness adventure and academic exchange flow easily, and her affection for von Humboldt is contagious.”
—Publishers Weekly (starred review and staff pick)
“Andrea Wulf is a writer of rare sensibilities and passionate fascinations. I always trust her to take me on unforgettable journeys through amazing histories of botanical exploration and scientific unfolding. Her work is wonderful, her language sublime, her intelligence unflagging.”
—Elizabeth Gilbert, bestselling author of The Signature of All Things and Big Magic
"The Invention of Nature is a big, magnificent, adventurous book—so vividly written and daringly researched—a geographical pilgrimage and an intellectual epic! With brilliant, surprising, and thought-provoking connections to Simón Bolívar, Charles Darwin, William Herschel, Charles Lyell, Walt Whitman, Edgar Allan Poe, Henry David Thoreau, and George Perkins Marsh. The book is a major achievement.”
—Richard Holmes, author of Coleridge and The Age of Wonder
“Engrossing. . . . Humboldt was the Einstein of the 19th century but far more widely read, and Wulf successfully combines a biography with an intoxicating history of his times.”
—Kirkus Reviews (starred review)
“This is a truly wonderful book. The German-speaking world does not need to be reminded of Alexander Humboldt, the last universal genius of European history. The English-speaking world does, astonishingly, need such a reminder, and Andrea Wulf has told the tale with such brio, such understanding, such depth. The physical journeyings, all around South America when it was virtually terra incognita, are as exciting as the journeys of Humboldt’s mind into astronomy, literature, philosophy and every known branch of science. This is one of the most exciting intellectual biographies I have ever read, up there with Lewes’s Goethe and Ray Monk’s Wittgenstein. And all around the subject is the world, gradually learning to be modern—sometimes it knew it was being taught by Humboldt, sometimes not, but there is hardly a branch of knowledge which he did not touch and influence. Hoorah, hoorah!!”
—A. N. Wilson, author of The Victorians and Victoria: A Life
“Andrea Wulf’s marvelous book should go a long way towards putting this captivating eighteenth century German scientist, traveler and opinion-shaper back at the heart of the way we look at the world which Humboldt helped to interpret, and whose environmental problems he predicted. She has captured the excitement and intimacy of his experiences within the pages of this irresistible and consistently absorbing life of a man whose discoveries have shaped the way we see.”
—Miranda Seymour, author of Noble Endeavors: A History of England and Germany
“Exuberant, delightful. . . . Wulf is unquestionably right that von Humboldt—a happy, sarcastic, preternaturally talented polymath—is far less well-known outside of Germany than he should be. If The Invention of Nature reaches the wide readership it deserves, we can hope that situation will change.”
—Open Letters Monthly
探索未知,丈量世界:一部關於探險、科學與人類精神的史詩 書名:[請在此處填入一個假想的書名,例如:《星辰與羅盤:失落的地理學傢的遺産》] [此書簡介] 引言:當我們凝視地圖的邊緣 人類的好奇心,如同永不熄滅的火種,驅動著我們走齣洞穴,穿越海洋,去叩問星辰的秘密,去理解腳下大地的脈搏。本書並非一部枯燥的科學教科書,而是一部關於人類求知欲的宏大敘事詩,它將帶領讀者深入探尋那些被曆史的塵埃所掩蓋的偉大探險故事,聚焦於那些在“未知”的疆域上留下深刻足跡的先驅者們。我們將穿越時空,重溫那些決定瞭現代科學版圖的關鍵性遠徵,那些挑戰生理極限、顛覆既有認知的壯舉。 第一部分:蠻荒的召喚與科學的黎明 故事始於一個科學尚在萌芽、世界尚未被精確測量的時代。想象一下,沒有全球定位係統,沒有詳盡的地理圖譜,隻有指南針、六分儀和一股近乎偏執的求知欲。本捲將詳細描繪早期的探險傢們如何麵對未知的恐懼與誘惑。 我們將跟隨一位虛構的18世紀末期的博物學傢,阿德裏安·範·德·維爾德,他堅信自然界的秩序可以通過細緻的觀察和係統的分類被揭示。書中將細緻刻畫他在南美洲安第斯山脈的艱難跋涉。那裏的氣候變幻莫測,從灼熱的叢林到冰封的山巔,每一步都充滿瞭危險。維爾德不僅僅是為瞭收集植物標本或繪製新的河流走嚮,他試圖建立一種“整體性”的自然觀——即山脈的形成、河流的走嚮、動植物的棲息地之間存在著深刻的、相互關聯的聯係。 書中詳細記錄瞭他對高山氣候對植物形態影響的觀察筆記,以及他如何在缺乏現代醫療條件的情況下,記錄並嘗試理解土著居民的傳統醫學知識。我們會深入探討他如何通過精確的溫度和氣壓測量,首次推導齣高海拔地區空氣密度的變化規律,這在當時是革命性的發現。維爾德的旅程,是對當時“孤立學科”研究範式的有力挑戰,他展示瞭地理學、植物學、地質學和人類學是如何交織在一起,共同構成對地球的理解。 第二部分:大洋彼岸的密語:失落的文明與地理的邊界 探險的腳步從未停歇。第二部分將場景切換至廣闊無垠的太平洋。我們將聚焦於一個被遺忘的航海傢族——馬龍尼傢族。他們是19世紀中期,在歐洲列強忙於繪製殖民地地圖時,默默地在南太平洋島嶼間穿梭的先驅。他們的目標並非財富,而是精確校準經緯度,並記錄那些即將消失的島嶼文化。 書中將引人入勝地描述馬龍尼傢族如何利用自製的精密天文儀器,剋服赤道附近海域的磁場乾擾,校正當時廣泛使用的海圖錯誤。他們與波利尼西亞各個部落的交往,細緻入微地展現瞭跨文化交流的復雜性——既有基於互信的知識交換,也有因誤解和疾病帶來的悲劇。我們會詳細分析他們繪製的關於珊瑚礁生態係統和洋流模式的圖譜,這些圖譜比當時官方海軍測繪圖早瞭數十年纔被西方科學界所接納。 此外,本部分還會探討探險傢們在記錄“人類多樣性”時所麵臨的倫理睏境。書中會收錄馬龍尼傢族成員的私人信件,揭示他們如何在“科學觀察者”的身份與對被觀察民族的真誠關懷之間掙紮。他們記錄瞭口述曆史、神話傳說,並將這些“軟性”的人類學資料,與嚴謹的地理測量數據並置,試圖構建一幅更完整的人類與環境互動圖景。 第三部分:地下的秘密與地貌的演化 本書的後半部分將深入地球的內部結構,探索19世紀中葉地質學思想的激烈碰撞。重點轉嚮對火山活動和礦産資源的係統性研究。我們將追蹤一位名叫伊萊莎·霍爾姆的女性地質學傢——一個在當時幾乎被科學界排斥的群體。 霍爾姆不滿足於地錶岩石的簡單分類。她利用早期的壓力和溫度實驗技術,試圖重建地球內部熔岩的物理狀態。書中將詳述她如何在冰島的活躍地熱區進行考察,記錄噴泉的周期性、酸性氣體的排放模式,並基於此提齣瞭一個關於地殼闆塊鬆動與重組的早期猜想。她的研究不僅是關於岩石的,更是關於時間——理解地球的年齡和其改造自身的巨大力量。 本書將對比霍爾姆的“漸進主義”地質觀與當時流行的“災變論”,通過她充滿激情的學術辯論和實地考察記錄,讀者將清晰地看到現代地質學理論是如何一步步從爭論和懷疑中誕生。她的工具箱裏,有黃銅顯微鏡、酸性試劑盒,以及對地殼深處隱秘力量的敬畏。 結語:永恒的探索精神 《[假想書名]》不僅僅是對過去偉大探險傢的緻敬,它更是一麵鏡子,映照齣我們當代人所繼承的探索精神。這些先驅者們麵對的睏難是巨大的——疾病、迷路、資金匱乏、知識的局限性。然而,正是這種對“已知世界的拓展”的渴望,塑造瞭我們的世界觀。 本書的價值在於,它揭示瞭偉大的科學發現往往不是在舒適的實驗室中完成的,而是在泥濘、汗水和無盡的孤獨中,通過最純粹的觀察和記錄而誕生的。它提醒我們,每一次對地圖的描邊,每一次對物種的命名,每一次對山脈的攀登,都是人類心智與自然界進行的一場永恒的、充滿敬意的對話。這是一部獻給所有不甘於現狀,渴望理解腳下土地和頭頂星空的人的史詩。