品國學 談做人 9787510701368 下載 mobi epub pdf 電子書 2025

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黎重 著

圖書標籤:

• 國學
• 修身
• 處世
• 人生智慧
• 傳統文化
• 道德修養
• 為人處世
• 品格
• 自我提升
• 中華文化

店鋪： 博學精華圖書專營店

齣版社： 中國長安齣版社

ISBN：9787510701368

商品編碼：29657662382

包裝：平裝

齣版時間：2010-05-01

基本信息

書名:品國學 談做人

定價：39.80元

售價：27.1元,便宜12.7元,摺扣68

作者:黎重

齣版社：中國長安齣版社

齣版日期：2010-05-01

ISBN：9787510701368

字數：

頁碼：230

版次：1

裝幀：平裝

開本：16開

商品重量：0.4kg

編輯推薦

內容提要

幾韆年來，國學經典一直被人們傳承，曆久彌堅。國學之所以影響巨大，傳播甚遠，究其原因，是文化和智慧的積澱使其大放異彩。國學的內蘊是豐富的，是博大的，今日我們重新品讀，仍能發現諸多社會生活的支點。尤其在做人方麵，我們總能在國學經典中挖掘齣深刻的做人道理，它可以指導我們的行動，啓迪我們的思想，提高我們的修養，讓我們成為更受歡迎的人。

目錄

作者介紹

文摘

1不要故意賣弄自己的聰明
子曰：“人皆日‘予知’，驅而納諸罟攫陷阱之中，而莫之知闢也。人皆日‘予知’，擇乎中庸，而不能期月守也。”
——《中庸》
孔子說：“人人都說自己聰明，可是被驅趕到羅網陷阱中去卻不知道躲避。人人都說自己聰明，可是選擇瞭中庸之道卻連一個月時間也不能堅持。”
幾乎人人都覺得自己很聰明，也幾乎所有人都願意將自己的“聰明”錶現給人看，以示自己的“聰明”。孔子的話無疑當頭棒喝，讓人一驚，我們真的如自己想象的那麼聰明嗎？其實不然，真聰明者懂得怎樣把握自己的聰明，也知道怎樣運用自己的聰明，而假聰明者卻因為小聰明使自己禍害加身，就如那個處處在曹操麵前顯擺自己，終於惹來殺身之禍的楊修。
東漢末年，楊修以纔思敏捷、穎悟過人而聞名於世。楊修在曹操的丞相府擔任主簿，為曹操掌管文書事務。曹操為人詭譎，自視甚高，因而常常愛賣弄些小聰明，以刁難部下為樂。不過，楊修的機靈、穎悟又高過曹操，緻使曹操常常生齣許多自愧不如的感慨和酸溜溜的妒意。
有一天，曹操招瞭一些工匠在丞相府後麵修建花園。當花園落成之際，曹操親自去察看瞭一下。花園修建得錯落有緻，景物相宜，麯徑通幽，極富情趣，曹操十分滿意。走齣花園後門時，曹操忽然停下腳步，上下打量一番，皺瞭一下眉頭，隨即從侍從手中要過筆來，在門上寫瞭個“活”字，沒說一句話，轉身就走瞭。
究竟是什麼意思？工匠們琢磨來琢磨去，就是琢磨不透。恰好此時．楊修經過。工匠們像見到救星一樣對他訴說瞭整個事情的經過，跟他討主意。楊修聽後，對工匠們說：“‘活’字在門中，是‘闊’字，丞相嫌後門寬，要縮小一點哩。”
匠頭聽瞭恍然大悟，埋怨道：“丞相跟我們說一聲不就行瞭，何必要跟我們打啞謎呢？”
第二天，曹操來看改裝後的園門，完全符閤自己的心意，便不露聲色地問匠頭：“是誰叫你們這樣做的？”
匠頭戰戰兢兢地告訴丞相，是楊主簿吩咐的。曹操笑著說：“我就想到是楊修教你們這麼做的。這小子，也算是機靈到傢瞭。”
一次，北方來人嚮曹操進獻一盒精心製作的油酥，曹操開盒嘗瞭嘗，覺得味道很好，因此連說瞭兩聲“好”，隨即蓋上盒蓋，在盒上題寫瞭一個醒目的“閤”字，便走開瞭。
曹操的侍從們湊到瞭一起，七嘴八舌地議論起來，誰也不知曹操的葫蘆裏賣的是什麼藥，決定請楊修來琢磨琢磨。
楊修來後，默默地思索瞭一會兒，便動手打開這盒油酥。一個老文書連忙說：“不要動，這可是丞相喜歡吃的呀。”
楊修對大傢說：“正是因為它味道好，丞相纔讓我們一人一口分瞭吃，大傢嘗嘗吧！”
老文書不放心地說：“你這鬼精靈，彆捉弄我們瞭！”
楊修大笑道：“這盒蓋上寫著‘閤’字，不是明明白白地告訴我們‘人一口’嗎？你膽小，你就不要吃，反正我是要吃的。”說完，拿起一塊油酥就塞進嘴裏去瞭。
大傢一想，有道理。頃刻之間，這盒油酥便被眾人吃得乾乾淨淨。
後來，曹操得知又是楊修猜中瞭他的心思，口中喃喃地說道：“楊修果然是一個機靈之人。”不過，自負的曹操心裏卻酸溜溜的。
機靈、聰明是楊修的特長，也是他的短處，因為他不能把自己的聰明發揮在閤適的地方。曹操自知不如楊修，心中充滿瞭嫉妒，但錶麵上卻絲毫不動聲色。
建安十九年春，曹操親率大軍進駐陝西陽平，與劉備爭奪漢中之地。劉軍防守嚴密，無懈可擊，又逢連綿春雨，曹軍齣戰不利。曹操見軍事上毫無進展，頗有退兵的意思。
這天，曹操獨自一人吃著飯，同時也在思考下一步的行動。一個軍令官前來請示曹操，當晚軍中用什麼口令。軍中規定每晚都要變換口令，以備哨兵盤查來人。此時，曹操正用筷子夾著一塊雞肋骨，於是脫口而齣：“雞肋。”軍令官聽瞭也覺沒有什麼奇怪。
消息傳到楊修耳裏，他便悄悄地整理筆劄、行裝，作開拔的準備。一個年輕的文書見狀後問道：“楊主簿，這天天要用的東西，有什麼好收拾的？明天還不是要打開？”
“不用瞭，小兄弟，我們馬上就可以迴傢。”楊修詭秘地一笑說。
“什麼？要迴傢瞭？丞相要撤退，連點蛛絲馬跡也沒有啊。”小文書不解地看著楊修。
楊修淡然一笑說：“有啊，隻是你沒有察覺到罷瞭。你看，丞相用‘雞肋’作軍中口令，‘雞肋’的含義不就是‘食之無肉，棄之可惜’嗎？丞相正是用它來比喻我軍在漢中的處境。憑我的直覺，丞相已考慮好撤軍的事瞭。”
這個消息又傳到瞭守將夏侯悖的耳朵裏，他也相信瞭，便吩咐軍士們也跟著作撤退的準備。不料，曹操晚飯後為軍情棘手而難以入睡，便步帳巡視，看到這種情況後，愕然一驚。他急忙找夏侯悼來查問，夏侯悖哪敢隱瞞，照實把楊修的猜度告訴瞭曹操。對楊修的過分聰明早已不快的曹操，這下子抓到瞭把柄，立即以惑亂軍心的罪名，把楊修殺瞭。
後來的事實證明，曹操雖殺瞭楊修，終於還是下令退離瞭漢中的戰場。然而就楊修而言，他早晚必死無疑。因為他幾次三番地不知掩飾自己，過於炫耀自己的聰明，終於惹怒瞭曹操，終招緻殺身之禍。
凡事總有兩麵，好的和壞的，有利的和不利的，要想成為一個真正的聰明人，就應該時刻記得，聰明是一筆財富，關鍵在於怎麼使用。真正聰明的人會使用自己的聰明，什麼時候該露，什麼時候該藏，要把握火候。一味賣弄自己的聰明，往往會招災引禍。

序言

《文心雕龍》：中國古代文學理論的巔峰之作 《文心雕龍》是中國古代文學批評史上的瑰寶，由南朝梁代文學傢劉勰所著。這部巨著以其宏大的視野、嚴謹的體係、深刻的洞見，不僅全麵梳理瞭中國古代文學的發展脈絡，更建立瞭係統的文學批評理論，被譽為“中國古代文學理論批評的集大成者”。《文心雕龍》的價值，絕不僅僅在於其對文學本體的探討，更在於它所蘊含的深刻人生哲理與治學之道，其思想的光輝穿越韆年，至今仍能啓迪人心，發人深省。 一、 溯源流，明體用：構建中國文學的宏大史詩 《文心雕龍》全書共二十捲，分為五十八篇，以“文”為核心，對中國文學的發生、發展、演變進行瞭係統而全麵的梳理。劉勰並沒有滿足於對文學現象的簡單羅列，而是力求探究文學的“文之本源”與“文之體用”。 在“溯源流”方麵，劉勰追溯瞭文學的起源，認為“文”並非憑空産生，而是源於“天地玄黃，宇宙洪荒”的自然之道，源於“蓋聞天人之際，閤二為一”的宇宙觀。他從“神思”、“風骨”、“聲律”、“文約”、“文質”等篇章入手，闡釋瞭文學創作的內在規律和外在錶現。例如，“神思”篇強調瞭創作的靈感與構思的重要性，認為“文之思也，神施而思也”，將思維的活躍與情感的噴湧視為文學創作的源泉。“風骨”篇則提齣瞭文學作品的骨力與風采，認為“風”是文章的時代精神和感染力，“骨”則是文章的筋骨和實質，兩者兼備方能成就佳作。 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說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、說、 三、 論篇章，察類辭：精妙的文學批評方法 《文心雕龍》的偉大之處還在於其精妙的批評方法。劉勰不僅強調“文”的本體，更注重“文”的批評。他提齣瞭“察類辭”、“論篇章”、“辨體”、“援筆”、“衡文”等一係列批評範疇，為後世的文學批評提供瞭寶貴的思想武器。 “察類辭”篇，劉勰主張從字詞的運用、句式的安排、語氣的把握等方麵入手，分析文章的優劣。“論篇章”篇，則強調要注重文章的整體結構、段落的層次、起承轉閤的自然。“辨體”篇，更是對不同文體的特點、功能、創作要求進行瞭詳細的界定，如“頌”、“誄”、“銘”、“贊”等，他要求“必本諸其事，核諸其義”，做到文體與內容的契閤。 “援筆”篇，劉勰鼓勵文學創作者要勇於創新，敢於突破。“衡文”篇，則提倡要以公正客觀的態度來評價文學作品，既要看到其閃光點，也要指齣其不足之處。他提齣瞭“情”、“理”、“氣”、“味”等評價標準，認為“五美兼備，則稱善於時矣”，力求做到全麵客觀的評價。 四、 尚質實，戒虛華：深邃的人生哲理與治學之道 《文心雕龍》並非僅僅是一部文學理論著作，它更是劉勰人生哲學和治學理念的體現。劉勰在書中反復強調“質實”的重要性，反對“虛華”的文風。他認為，真正的文學創作，應當根植於現實生活，反映社會現實，承載思想情感，而非僅僅追求辭藻的華麗、形式的空洞。 “宗經”篇，劉勰強調瞭儒傢經典的權威性，認為學習文學應當以經典為基礎，汲取傳統文化中的精華。“原道”篇，則進一步闡述瞭“文”與“道”的密切關係，認為“文”是“道”的載體，“文”的最高境界是能夠承載“道”，實現“文以載道”的理想。 在“治學”方麵，劉勰提倡“博學”、“審問”、“慎思”、“明辨”、“篤行”。他認為，治學應當勤奮不輟，廣泛涉獵，深入思考，辨彆真僞，並將所學付諸實踐。這種嚴謹認真的治學態度，對於後世的學者産生瞭深遠的影響。 五、 曆史地位與現實意義 《文心雕龍》的齣現，是中國古代文學理論發展的分水嶺。它在總結前人經驗的基礎上，建立瞭一個相對完整、係統的文學理論體係，涵蓋瞭文學的起源、發展、體裁、風格、創作、批評等各個方麵，填補瞭中國古代文學理論研究的諸多空白。 《文心雕龍》的價值，並不僅限於學術研究。它所蘊含的深刻人生哲理，如“文以載道”的追求，對真善美的執著，以及對治學嚴謹的態度，至今仍對我們有著重要的啓示意義。在信息爆炸、快節奏的現代社會，我們更應藉鑒《文心雕龍》的思想，注重思考的深度、知識的內涵，以及言行的實效，追求人生的“質實”而非“虛華”。 《文心雕龍》以其博大精深的內涵，成為瞭中國傳統文化中一座不可逾越的豐碑。它不僅是中國古代文學的瑰寶，更是中華民族智慧的結晶，值得我們深入研讀，細細品味。

評分☆☆☆☆☆

這本書最讓我感到震撼的，是它在探討“做人”這個宏大命題時所展現齣的那種極度的務實精神。我們常常聽人說要修身養性，但“如何修”往往是一團模糊的概念。然而，這本書似乎提供瞭一張非常清晰的路綫圖，它不是教你成為一個不食人間煙火的完人，而是教你如何在復雜的社會洪流中，保持自我，並以一種可持續的方式立足。比如，書中關於“中庸之道”的解讀，完全顛覆瞭我過去對“和稀泥”的刻闆印象，它闡述瞭如何在中正平和中保持獨立思考的鋒芒，這在當下這個觀點兩極分化的時代，顯得尤為珍貴和迫切。我甚至開始嘗試將書中的一些處事原則應用到我的日常工作郵件撰寫中，結果發現，溝通效率和人際關係的和諧度都有瞭肉眼可見的提升。這證明瞭書中的學問絕非紙上談兵，而是可以直接落地生根、開花結果的實踐指南，非常實用。

評分☆☆☆☆☆

這部書的封麵設計和裝幀簡直太有品味瞭，那種沉穩又不失雅緻的感覺，讓人一拿在手上就覺得它不是那種嘩眾取寵的快餐讀物。光是看著那些燙金的標題和樸實的紙張質感，心裏就對裏麵承載的智慧充滿瞭敬意。我記得我是在一個朋友的書房裏偶然瞥見它的，當時就被那種低調的奢華吸引住瞭。翻開扉頁，裏麵的字體排版也是經過精心考量的，疏密得當，讀起來一點都不費眼力，反而能讓人心神安定下來。我猜想，作者在編排這本書的時候，一定對“品”這個字有著深刻的理解，不僅僅是內容的挑選，連同形式上的每一個細節都透露齣一種對傳統文化精髓的尊重與傳承。說實話，現在很多圖書為瞭追求銷量，常常在包裝上弄得花裏鬍哨，反而丟瞭內涵，但這本書完全沒有這個問題，它用最樸素的方式，傳達瞭最深沉的思考，讓人感覺到，這真的是一本可以“傳傢”的好書。從閱讀體驗上來說，它已經超越瞭一般的書籍範疇，更像是一件值得細細品味的藝術品，每一次摩挲都能帶來新的感受。

評分☆☆☆☆☆

總而言之，這本書給我的感覺是：它像一位德高望重的長者，在一個喧囂的下午，沏瞭一壺上好的清茶，然後以一種不疾不徐的語速，娓娓道來那些關於生命和品行的至理名言。它不是那種讀完就束之高閣的書，而是需要時常翻閱、在不同的人生階段去體悟的書。每一次重讀，都會因為自己心境的變化，而産生新的領悟，這是一種動態的閱讀體驗。我將它放在床頭櫃上，睡前翻上幾頁，總能讓躁動的心緒沉澱下來，帶著一種平靜和清醒進入夢鄉。對於那些在人生道路上感到迷茫，或者想在心性修養上更進一步的朋友們，我由衷地推薦這本書。它給予的不是標準答案，而是幫你構建一套屬於自己的、堅實的內在價值體係，這纔是真正長久的力量之源。

評分☆☆☆☆☆

從學術角度來看，這本書的作者顯然是下瞭大功夫進行考據和梳理的，他對儒釋道乃至諸子百傢的思想脈絡有著深刻的洞察力，但最難得的是，他沒有陷入故紙堆裏沾沾自喜。他仿佛是一位技藝高超的“翻譯傢”，將那些塵封已久的經典智慧，翻譯成瞭今天我們每個人都能聽懂、都能感同身受的“母語”。我留意到，很多引用的典故和齣處都標注得非常詳盡，這對於那些有深挖探究興趣的讀者來說，簡直是福音。這說明作者的態度是極其嚴謹和負責的，他是在認真地對待自己的作品，也是在認真地對待每一位求知者。讀這本書的時候，我常常會停下來，不是因為看不懂，而是因為被作者的思考深度所摺服，會忍不住去查閱他所提及的其他相關書籍，這無疑拓寬瞭我的閱讀邊界，形成瞭一個良性的知識循環。

評分☆☆☆☆☆

我花瞭整整一個周末的時間，纔勉強讀完第一部分，那種感覺真不是“讀完”，更像是“浸泡”在一種古老而深邃的氛圍裏。這本書的語言風格非常獨特，它既有古典文獻的凝練和韻味，又巧妙地融入瞭現代人能夠理解的語境，這種平衡拿捏得極其到位，讓人在領會古代聖賢教誨的同時，又不會感到自己與時代脫節。我尤其欣賞作者在闡述那些看似高深莫測的道理時，所采用的那些貼近生活的例子。它們不是那種空泛的理論說教，而是仿佛從我們身邊發生的點滴小事中提煉齣來的智慧結晶。讀到某一章關於“謙遜”的論述時，我愣住瞭，那段話讓我立刻反思瞭自己過去處理人際關係中的一些失誤，那種醍醐灌頂的感覺，是很多心靈雞湯都無法給予的。這本書的節奏把握得很妙，時而如清風拂麵，讓人心曠神怡；時而如重錘敲擊，直擊內心最柔軟的部分，讓人不得不正視自己的不足，這纔是真正有價值的引導。