具體描述
				
				
					
內容簡介
       The beginnings of molecular biology , The structure of DNA ,Genome organization: from nucleotides to chromatin, The versatility of RNA, From gene to protein, DNA replication and telomere maintenance, DNA repair and recombination, Recombinant DNA technology and molecular cloning。     目錄
   1 The beginnings of molecular biology
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Historical perspective
Insights into heredity from round and wrinkled peas: Mendelian genetics
Insights into the nature of hereditary materiaL: the transforming principle is DNA
Creativity in approach leads to the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis
The importance of technological advances: the Hershey-Chase experiment
A model for the structure of DNA: the DNA double helix
Chapter summary
Analytical questions
Suggestions for further reading
2 The structure of DNA
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Primary structure: the components of nucleic acids
Five-carbon sugars
Nitrogenous bases
The phosphate functional group
Nucleosides and nucteotides
2.3 Significance of 5 and 3
2.4 Nomenclature of nucleotides
2.5 The length of RNA and DNA
2.6 Secondary structure of DNA
Hydrogen bonds form between the bases
Base stacking provides chemical stability to the DNA double helix
Structure of the Watson-Crick DNA double helix
Distinguishing between features of alternative double-helical structures
DNA can undergo reversible strand separation
2.7 Unusual DNA secondary structures
Slipped structures
Cruciform structures
Triple helix DNA
Disease box 2.1 Friedreichs ataxia and triple helix DNA
2.8 Tertiary structure of DNA
Supercoiling of DNA
Topoisomerases relax supercoiled DNA
What is the significance of supercoiting in vivo?
Disease box 2.2 Topoisomerase-targeted anticancer drugs
Chapter summary
Analytical questions
Suggestions for further reading
3 Genome organization: from nucleotides to chromatin
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Eukaryotic genome
Chromatin structure:historical perspective
Histones
Nucleosomes
Beads-on-a-string:the 10 nm fiber
The 30 nm fiber
Loop domains
Metaphase chromosomes
Alternative chromatin structures
3.3 Bacterial genome
3.4 Plasmids
3.5 Bacteriophages and mammalian DNA viruses
Bacteriophaqes
Mammalian DNA Viruses
3.6 Organelle genomes:chloroplasts and mitochondria
Chloroplast DNA(cpDNA)
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)
Disease box 3.1 Mitochondrial DNA and disease
3.7 RNA-based genomes
Eukaryotic RNA viruses
Retroviruses
Viroids
Other Subviral pathoqens
Disease box 3.2 Avian flu
Chapter summary
Analytical questions
Suggestions for further reading
4 The versatility of RNA
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Secondary structure of RNA
Secondary structure motifs in RNA
Base-paired RNA adopts an A-type double helix
RNA helices often contain noncanonical base pairs
4.3 Tertiary structure of RNA
tRNA structure:important insiqhts into RNA structural motifs
Common tertiary structure motifs in RNA
4.4 Kinetics of RNA folding
4.5 RNA is involved in a wide range of cellular processes
4.6 Historical perspective:the discovery of RNA catalysis
Tetrahymena qroUP I intron ribozyme
RNase P ribozyme
Focus box 4.1:The RNA World
4.7 Ribozymes catalyze a variety of chemical reactions
Mode of ribozyme action
Large ribozymes
Small ribozymes
Chapter summary
Analytical questions
Suggestions for further reading
5 From gene to protein
5.1 Introduction
5.2 The central dogma
5.3 The genetic code
Translating the genetic code
The 21st and 22nd genetically encoded amino acids
Role of modified nucleotides in decoding
Implications of codon bias for molecular biologists
5.4 Protein structure
Primary structure
Secondary structure
Tertiary structure
Quaternary structure
Size and complexity of proteins
Proteins contain multiple functional domains
Prediction of protein structure
5.5 Protein function
Enzymes are biological catalysts
Regulation of protein activity by post-translational modifications
Allosteric regulation of protein activity
Cyclin-dependent kinase activation
Macromolecular assemblages
5.6 Protein folding and misfolding
MoLecular chaperones
Ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation
Protein misfolding diseases
Disease box 5.1 Prions
Chapter summary
Analytical questions
Suggestions for further reading
6 DNA replication and telomere maintenance
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Historical perspective
Insight into the mode of DNA replication: the Meselson-Stahl experiment
Insight into the mode of DNA replication: visualization of replicating bacterial DNA
6.3 DNA synthesis occurs from 5→3
6.4 DNA polymerases are the enzymes that catalyze DNA synthesis
Focus box 6.1 Bacterial DNA polymerases
6.5 Semidiscontinuous DNA replication
Leading strand synthesis is continuous
Lagging strand synthesis is discontinuous
6.6 Nuclear DNA replication in eukaryotic cells
Replication factories
Histone removal at the origins of replication
Prereplication complex formation at the origins of replication
Replication Licensing: DNA only replicates once per cell cycle
Duplex unwinding at replication forks
RNA priming of Leading strand and Lagging strand DNA synthesis
Polymerase switching
Elongation of Leading strands and Lagging strands
Proofreading
Maturation of nascent DNA strands
Termination
Histone deposition
Focus box 6.2 The naming of genes involved in DNA replication
Disease box 6.1 Systemic lupus erythematosus and PCNA
6.7 Replication of organelle DNA
Models for mtDNA replication
Replication of cpDNA
Disease box 6.2 RNase MRP and cartilage-hair hypoplasia
6.8 Rolling circle replication
6.9 Tetomere maintenance: the role of tetomerase in DNA replication, aging, and cancer
Telomeres
Solution to the end replication problem
Maintenance of telomeres by telomerase
Other modes of telomere maintenance
Regulation of telomerase activity
Telomerase, aging, and cancer
Disease box 6.3 Dyskeratosis congenita: loss of telomerase function
Chapter summary
Analytical questions
Suggestions for further reading
7 DNA repair and recombination
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Types of mutations and their phenotypic consequences
Transitions and transversions can lead to silent, missense, or nonsense mutations
Insertions or deletions can cause frameshift mutations
Expansion of trinucleotide repeats leads to genetic instability
7.3 General classes of DNA damage
Single base changes
Structural distortion
DNA backbone damage
Cellular response to DNA damage
7.4 Lesion bypass
7.5 Direct reversal of DNA damage
7.6 Repair of single base changes and structural distortions by removal of DNA damage
Base excision repair
Mismatch repair
Nucleotide excision repair
Disease box 7.1 Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer: a defect in mismatch repair
7.7 Double-strand break repair by removal of DNA damage
Homologous recombination
Nonhomologous end-joining
Disease box 7.2 Xeroderma pigmentosum and related disorders: defects in nucleotide excision repair
Disease box 7.3 Hereditary breast cancer syndromes: mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2
8 Recombinant DNA technology and molecular cloning
9 Tools for analyzing gene expression
10 Transcription in prokaryotes
11 Transcription in eukaryotes
12 Epigenetic and monoallelic gene expression
13 RNA processing and post-transcriptional gene regulation
14 The mechanism of translation
15 Genetically modified organisms: use in basic and applied research
16 Genome analysis:DNA typing,genomics and beyond
17 Medical molecular biology
Glossary
Index      精彩書摘
       Other subviral pathogens
    Other subviral pathogens include satellite RNAs and virusoids. Viroids replicate autonomously by using host-encoded RNA polymerase. In contrast, satellite RNAs multiply only in the presence of a helper virus that provides the appropriate RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Some of the larger satellite RNAs may encode a protein. Satellite RNAs are found in plants (e.g. satellite tobacco necrosis virus) and animals. A well known human satellite RNA is hepatitis delta virus (HDV). HDV is a small single-stranded RNA satellite of hepatitis B virus.
    A virusoid is an RNA molecule that does not encode any proteins and depends on a helper virus for replication and capsid formation. Virusoids occur in association with viruses causing plant diseases such as velvet tobacco mottle and subterranean clover mottle. They are sometimes regarded as a subtype of satellite RNA. The virusoid genome resembles a viroid and consists of circular, single-stranded RNA with self-cleaving activity (see Section 4.7).
    Chapter summary
    The genomes of most organisms are made of DNA; certain viruses and subviral pathogens have RNA genomes. Eukaryotic DNA combines with basic protein molecules called histones to form structures known as nucleosomes. Each nucleosome contains four pairs of core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) in a wedge-shaped disk, around which is wrapped 146 bp of DNA. The linker histone H1 is bound to DNA between the core histone octamers, where the DNA enters and exits the nucleosome. The first order of chromatin folding is represented by a string of nucleosomes. This 10 mn nucleosome fiber is further folded into a 30 nm fiber in a zig-zag ribbon structure, which is then folded into loop domains, and finally the metaphase chromosome. Each chromosome is composed of one linear, double-stranded DNA molecule.
    Bacterial chromosomal DNA exists as one double-stranded, circular DNA molecule organized into a condensed structure called a nucleoid. Plasmids are self-rephcating small, double-stranded, circular or linear DNA molecules carried by bacteria, some fungi, and some higher plants. Plasmids are important tools for recombinant DNA technology. Bacteriophages and mammalian DNA viruses have DNA genomes that occur in a variety of forms, ranging from double-stranded to single-stranded DNA and linear to circular forms. Viruses either package their genomes with their own basic proteins, or use host cell histones.
    Both mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own genetic information. The small, double-stranded DNA genomes are usually, but not always, circular and there are multiple copies per organdie. Organelle genomes are maternally inherited.      前言/序言
       The fast pace of modern molecular biology research is driven by intellectual curiosity and major challenges in medicine, agriculture, and industry. No discipline in biology has ever experienced the explosion in growth and popularity that molecular biology is now undergoing. There is intense public interest in the Human Genome Project and genetic engineering, due in part to fascination with how our own genes influence our lives. With this fast pace of discovery, it has been difficult to find a suitable, up-to-date textbook for a course in molecular biology. Other textbooks in the field flail into two categories: they are either too advanced, comprehensive, and overwhehmingly detailed, with enough material to fill an entire year or more of lectures, or they are too basic, superficial, and less experhmental in their approach. It is possible to piece together literature for a molecular biology course by assigning readings from a variety of sources. However, some students are poorly prepared to learn material strictly from lectures and selected readings in texts and the primary literature that do not match exactly the content of the course. At the other end, instructors may find it difficult to decide what topics are the most important to include in a course and what to exclude when presented with an extensive array of choices. This textbook aims to fill this perceived gap in the market. The intent is to keep the text to a manageable size while covering the essentials of molecular biology. Selection of topics to include or omit reflects my view of molecular biology and it is possible that some particular favorite topic may not be covered to the desired extent. Students often complain when an instructor teaches "straight from the textbook," so adding favorite examples is encouraged to allow instructors to enrich their course by bringing to it their own enthusiasm and insight.
    Approach
    A central theme of the textbook is the continuum of biological understanding, starting with basic properties of genes and genomes, RNA and protein structure and function, and extending to the complex, hierarchical interactions fundamental to living organisms. A comprehensive picture of the many ways molecular biology is being applied to the analysis of complex systems is developed, including advances that reveal fundamental features of gene regulation during cell growth and differentiation, and in response to a changing nvironment, as well as developments that are more related to commercial and medical applications. Recent advances in technology, the process and thrill of discovery, and ethical considerations in molecular biology research are emphasized.   The text highlights the process of discovery - the observations, the questions, the experimental designs totest models, the results and conclusions - not just presenting the "facts." At the same time the language of molecular biology is emphasized, and a foundation is built that is based in fact. It is not feasible to examine every brick in the foundation and still have time to view the entire structure. However, as often as possible real examples of data are shown, e.g. actual results of an EMSA, Western blot, or RNA splicing assay. Experiments are selected either because they are classics in the field or because they illustrate a particular approach frequently used by molecular biologists to answer a diversity of questions.    
				
				
				
					國外優秀生命科學教學用書:基礎分子生物學(影印版)(附光盤)圖書簡介  一本深度聚焦於生命科學核心領域、構建紮實理論基礎的經典教材   一、本書定位與核心價值  本書是引進自國際一流生命科學教育體係的經典教材,《基礎分子生物學》(Fundamental Molecular Biology),以其嚴謹的科學性、清晰的邏輯結構和豐富的教學資源,被全球眾多頂尖高校用作分子生物學入門及核心課程的指定教材。本書並非簡單介紹知識點,而是緻力於構建學習者對生命活動微觀機製的係統化、深入理解。  本書的獨特之處在於,它成功地平衡瞭分子生物學這一高度復雜的學科的廣度與深度。它不僅涵蓋瞭分子生物學的基石內容——從核酸、蛋白質的結構與功能,到基因的復製、轉錄和翻譯,更前瞻性地融入瞭近年來分子生物學領域取得的重大突破,如錶觀遺傳學、非編碼RNA的功能解析以及基因編輯技術的最新進展。  對於希望在生命科學領域深造的學生、科研工作者,乃至從事相關生物技術産業的人士而言,本書提供瞭一個堅實、可靠且與國際前沿接軌的學習平颱。它幫助讀者跨越初級生物學知識的障礙,直接進入分子機製的殿堂,為後續的細胞生物學、生物化學、遺傳學及生物信息學等深入學習打下不可或缺的基礎。   二、內容結構與章節要點(重點突齣非本書內容)  本書的編排遵循瞭分子生物學知識體係的內在邏輯,內容組織詳盡且層層遞進。  第一部分:分子基礎與信息存儲  本部分奠定瞭理解生命“藍圖”所需的化學與結構基礎。   生命的基本分子: 詳細闡述瞭水、氨基酸、脂質和糖類在維持生命結構和功能中的關鍵作用。重點分析瞭蛋白質的四級結構對酶活性和信號傳導的重要性。  核酸的結構與化學: 對DNA和RNA的拓撲結構、堿基配對規則進行瞭深入剖析。著重講解瞭核酸的穩定性與可復製性之間的分子平衡。  染色質與基因組組織: 介紹真核生物如何高效地包裝和調控其龐大的基因組。探討瞭核小體、異染色質與常染色質的動態變化,這些結構如何影響基因的可及性。  第二部分:遺傳信息的復製與精確傳遞  這是分子生物學的核心,本書以極高的精確度描述瞭遺傳信息的自我維持機製。   DNA的復製: 全麵解析瞭DNA聚閤酶傢族的特性、復製起點識彆、復製叉的運作,以及引物酶的角色。著重討論瞭原核生物與真核生物復製過程的差異化調控。  DNA的修復機製: 強調瞭生命體維持遺傳物質完整性的復雜係統。詳細介紹瞭錯配修復(MMR)、核苷酸切除修復(NER)和堿基切除修復(BER)等關鍵途徑,以及這些係統失靈導緻的遺傳病後果。  重組與基因多樣性: 深入探討瞭同源重組和位點特異性重組的分子機製,解釋瞭它們在維持物種遺傳多樣性中的作用。  第三部分:基因錶達的調控  本部分是分子生物學從信息存儲轉嚮功能實現的關鍵橋梁,是理解細胞分化和應激反應的基礎。   轉錄過程: 對RNA聚閤酶的結構、轉錄起始、延伸和終止過程進行瞭細緻描述。特彆突齣瞭啓動子、增強子等順式作用元件與特定轉錄因子的復雜互作網絡。  RNA的加工與修飾: 詳細闡述瞭真核生物mRNA前體的5'加帽、3'加尾和內含子剪接過程,強調瞭剪接體的組裝和可變剪接在擴大基因錶達産物多樣性中的重要性。  翻譯過程: 闡釋瞭tRNA的“適應者”角色、核糖體的催化機製以及起始、延伸和終止因子的精確調控。  第四部分:基因錶達的高級調控與現代前沿  本書將視野拓展至更精細、更動態的調控層麵,並引入瞭現代生物學研究的熱點。   細菌與噬菌體的經典調控模型: 通過對操縱子的經典案例分析,幫助讀者理解負反饋與正反饋在基因錶達中的體現。  真核生物的轉錄後調控: 深入探討瞭miRNA、siRNA等非編碼RNA如何通過靶嚮mRNA降解或抑製翻譯來調節基因錶達。  錶觀遺傳學基礎: 詳細介紹瞭DNA甲基化和組蛋白翻譯後修飾(如乙酰化、甲基化)如何影響基因的長期沉默或激活狀態,以及這些狀態如何遺傳給子代細胞。  分子生物學技術: 簡要迴顧瞭PCR、Sanger測序、基因剋隆等基礎技術原理,為實際操作奠定理論背景。   三、教學特色與資源配套(聚焦影印版優勢)  作為一套享譽全球的教學用書,本書在教學設計上充分體現瞭對學習者的關懷:  1. 清晰的教學目標(Learning Objectives): 每章伊始均明確列齣本章需要掌握的核心概念和技能,幫助學生有的放矢地進行學習和復習。 2. 實例驅動(Case Studies): 書中穿插瞭大量來源於真實科學發現的案例分析,將抽象的分子機製與實際的生物學問題(如癌癥發生、病毒復製)緊密結閤,極大地增強瞭學習的趣味性和應用價值。 3. 詳盡的圖錶與插圖: 為瞭清晰展現復雜的分子機器運作過程,本書的插圖繪製精美、信息密度適中,直觀地呈現瞭三維分子結構和動態反應流程。 4. 關鍵概念迴顧(Key Terms & Summary): 在每節內容結束後,提供瞭精煉的關鍵術語釋義和章節總結,便於學生及時鞏固和梳理知識脈絡。  光盤資源支持:  本書附帶的光盤是重要的學習輔助工具,它通常包含:   動態模擬(Animations): 復雜過程如DNA復製、RNA剪接的實時三維動畫演示,這是靜態圖譜難以替代的學習體驗。  自測習題庫(Practice Quizzes): 包含選擇題、填空題和簡答題,旨在檢驗學生對概念的理解程度和應用能力。  延伸閱讀材料(Supplementary Readings): 提供瞭部分前沿研究的摘要或鏈接,供有餘力的學習者進行拓寬視野。   四、適用讀者群體  本書特彆適閤於以下群體:   生命科學、生物技術、醫學預科等專業本科生、研究生。  需要係統性復習和夯實分子生物學理論基礎的初級科研人員。  對生命奧秘充滿好奇,希望通過嚴謹學術途徑瞭解基因調控原理的自學者。  通過學習本書,讀者將不僅掌握“是什麼”,更重要的是理解“為什麼”和“如何做”——這是成為優秀分子生物學傢的基石。