国外优秀生命科学教学用书：基础分子生物学（影印版）（附光盘） [Fundamental Molecular Biology] pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2025

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☆☆☆☆☆

阿利森 著

图书标签:

• 分子生物学
• 生命科学
• 教学用书
• 基础教材
• 影印版
• 国外原版
• 光盘
• 高等教育
• 生物技术
• 医学

出版社： 高等教育出版社

ISBN：9787040250572

版次：1

商品编码：10000270

包装：平装

外文名称：Fundamental Molecular Biology

开本：16开

出版时间：2008-06-01

页数：725

正文语种：英语

附件：光盘

内容简介

The beginnings of molecular biology , The structure of DNA ,Genome organization： from nucleotides to chromatin, The versatility of RNA, From gene to protein, DNA replication and telomere maintenance, DNA repair and recombination, Recombinant DNA technology and molecular cloning。

目录

1 The beginnings of molecular biology
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Historical perspective
Insights into heredity from round and wrinkled peas: Mendelian genetics
Insights into the nature of hereditary materiaL: the transforming principle is DNA
Creativity in approach leads to the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis
The importance of technological advances: the Hershey-Chase experiment
A model for the structure of DNA: the DNA double helix
Chapter summary
Analytical questions
Suggestions for further reading

2 The structure of DNA
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Primary structure: the components of nucleic acids
Five-carbon sugars
Nitrogenous bases
The phosphate functional group
Nucleosides and nucteotides
2.3 Significance of 5 and 3
2.4 Nomenclature of nucleotides
2.5 The length of RNA and DNA
2.6 Secondary structure of DNA
Hydrogen bonds form between the bases
Base stacking provides chemical stability to the DNA double helix
Structure of the Watson-Crick DNA double helix
Distinguishing between features of alternative double-helical structures
DNA can undergo reversible strand separation

2.7 Unusual DNA secondary structures
Slipped structures
Cruciform structures
Triple helix DNA
Disease box 2.1 Friedreichs ataxia and triple helix DNA

2.8 Tertiary structure of DNA
Supercoiling of DNA
Topoisomerases relax supercoiled DNA
What is the significance of supercoiting in vivo?
Disease box 2.2 Topoisomerase-targeted anticancer drugs
Chapter summary
Analytical questions
Suggestions for further reading

3 Genome organization: from nucleotides to chromatin
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Eukaryotic genome
Chromatin structure：historical perspective
Histones
Nucleosomes
Beads-on-a-string：the 10 nm fiber
The 30 nm fiber
Loop domains
Metaphase chromosomes
Alternative chromatin structures
3.3 Bacterial genome
3.4 Plasmids
3.5 Bacteriophages and mammalian DNA viruses
Bacteriophaqes
Mammalian DNA Viruses

3.6 Organelle genomes：chloroplasts and mitochondria
Chloroplast DNA(cpDNA)
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)
Disease box 3.1 Mitochondrial DNA and disease

3.7 RNA-based genomes
Eukaryotic RNA viruses
Retroviruses
Viroids
Other Subviral pathoqens
Disease box 3.2 Avian flu
Chapter summary
Analytical questions
Suggestions for further reading

4 The versatility of RNA
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Secondary structure of RNA
Secondary structure motifs in RNA
Base-paired RNA adopts an A-type double helix
RNA helices often contain noncanonical base pairs
4.3 Tertiary structure of RNA
tRNA structure：important insiqhts into RNA structural motifs
Common tertiary structure motifs in RNA
4.4 Kinetics of RNA folding
4.5 RNA is involved in a wide range of cellular processes
4.6 Historical perspective：the discovery of RNA catalysis
Tetrahymena qroUP I intron ribozyme
RNase P ribozyme
Focus box 4.1：The RNA World

4.7 Ribozymes catalyze a variety of chemical reactions
Mode of ribozyme action
Large ribozymes
Small ribozymes
Chapter summary
Analytical questions
Suggestions for further reading

5 From gene to protein
5.1 Introduction
5.2 The central dogma
5.3 The genetic code
Translating the genetic code
The 21st and 22nd genetically encoded amino acids
Role of modified nucleotides in decoding
Implications of codon bias for molecular biologists
5.4 Protein structure
Primary structure
Secondary structure
Tertiary structure
Quaternary structure
Size and complexity of proteins
Proteins contain multiple functional domains
Prediction of protein structure

5.5 Protein function
Enzymes are biological catalysts
Regulation of protein activity by post-translational modifications
Allosteric regulation of protein activity
Cyclin-dependent kinase activation
Macromolecular assemblages

5.6 Protein folding and misfolding
MoLecular chaperones
Ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation
Protein misfolding diseases
Disease box 5.1 Prions
Chapter summary
Analytical questions
Suggestions for further reading

6 DNA replication and telomere maintenance
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Historical perspective
Insight into the mode of DNA replication: the Meselson-Stahl experiment
Insight into the mode of DNA replication: visualization of replicating bacterial DNA
6.3 DNA synthesis occurs from 5→3
6.4 DNA polymerases are the enzymes that catalyze DNA synthesis
Focus box 6.1 Bacterial DNA polymerases
6.5 Semidiscontinuous DNA replication
Leading strand synthesis is continuous
Lagging strand synthesis is discontinuous
6.6 Nuclear DNA replication in eukaryotic cells
Replication factories
Histone removal at the origins of replication
Prereplication complex formation at the origins of replication
Replication Licensing: DNA only replicates once per cell cycle
Duplex unwinding at replication forks
RNA priming of Leading strand and Lagging strand DNA synthesis
Polymerase switching
Elongation of Leading strands and Lagging strands
Proofreading
Maturation of nascent DNA strands
Termination
Histone deposition
Focus box 6.2 The naming of genes involved in DNA replication
Disease box 6.1 Systemic lupus erythematosus and PCNA
6.7 Replication of organelle DNA

Models for mtDNA replication
Replication of cpDNA
Disease box 6.2 RNase MRP and cartilage-hair hypoplasia
6.8 Rolling circle replication

6.9 Tetomere maintenance: the role of tetomerase in DNA replication, aging, and cancer
Telomeres
Solution to the end replication problem
Maintenance of telomeres by telomerase
Other modes of telomere maintenance
Regulation of telomerase activity
Telomerase, aging, and cancer
Disease box 6.3 Dyskeratosis congenita: loss of telomerase function
Chapter summary
Analytical questions
Suggestions for further reading

7 DNA repair and recombination
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Types of mutations and their phenotypic consequences
Transitions and transversions can lead to silent, missense, or nonsense mutations
Insertions or deletions can cause frameshift mutations
Expansion of trinucleotide repeats leads to genetic instability
7.3 General classes of DNA damage
Single base changes
Structural distortion
DNA backbone damage
Cellular response to DNA damage
7.4 Lesion bypass
7.5 Direct reversal of DNA damage
7.6 Repair of single base changes and structural distortions by removal of DNA damage
Base excision repair
Mismatch repair
Nucleotide excision repair
Disease box 7.1 Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer: a defect in mismatch repair

7.7 Double-strand break repair by removal of DNA damage
Homologous recombination
Nonhomologous end-joining
Disease box 7.2 Xeroderma pigmentosum and related disorders: defects in nucleotide excision repair
Disease box 7.3 Hereditary breast cancer syndromes: mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2
8 Recombinant DNA technology and molecular cloning
9 Tools for analyzing gene expression
10 Transcription in prokaryotes
11 Transcription in eukaryotes
12 Epigenetic and monoallelic gene expression
13 RNA processing and post-transcriptional gene regulation
14 The mechanism of translation
15 Genetically modified organisms: use in basic and applied research
16 Genome analysis:DNA typing,genomics and beyond
17 Medical molecular biology
Glossary
Index

精彩书摘

Other subviral pathogens
Other subviral pathogens include satellite RNAs and virusoids. Viroids replicate autonomously by using host-encoded RNA polymerase. In contrast, satellite RNAs multiply only in the presence of a helper virus that provides the appropriate RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Some of the larger satellite RNAs may encode a protein. Satellite RNAs are found in plants （e.g. satellite tobacco necrosis virus） and animals. A well known human satellite RNA is hepatitis delta virus （HDV）. HDV is a small single-stranded RNA satellite of hepatitis B virus.
A virusoid is an RNA molecule that does not encode any proteins and depends on a helper virus for replication and capsid formation. Virusoids occur in association with viruses causing plant diseases such as velvet tobacco mottle and subterranean clover mottle. They are sometimes regarded as a subtype of satellite RNA. The virusoid genome resembles a viroid and consists of circular, single-stranded RNA with self-cleaving activity （see Section 4.7）.
Chapter summary
The genomes of most organisms are made of DNA; certain viruses and subviral pathogens have RNA genomes. Eukaryotic DNA combines with basic protein molecules called histones to form structures known as nucleosomes. Each nucleosome contains four pairs of core histones （H2A, H2B, H3, and H4） in a wedge-shaped disk, around which is wrapped 146 bp of DNA. The linker histone H1 is bound to DNA between the core histone octamers, where the DNA enters and exits the nucleosome. The first order of chromatin folding is represented by a string of nucleosomes. This 10 mn nucleosome fiber is further folded into a 30 nm fiber in a zig-zag ribbon structure, which is then folded into loop domains, and finally the metaphase chromosome. Each chromosome is composed of one linear, double-stranded DNA molecule.
Bacterial chromosomal DNA exists as one double-stranded, circular DNA molecule organized into a condensed structure called a nucleoid. Plasmids are self-rephcating small, double-stranded, circular or linear DNA molecules carried by bacteria, some fungi, and some higher plants. Plasmids are important tools for recombinant DNA technology. Bacteriophages and mammalian DNA viruses have DNA genomes that occur in a variety of forms, ranging from double-stranded to single-stranded DNA and linear to circular forms. Viruses either package their genomes with their own basic proteins, or use host cell histones.
Both mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own genetic information. The small, double-stranded DNA genomes are usually, but not always, circular and there are multiple copies per organdie. Organelle genomes are maternally inherited.

前言/序言

The fast pace of modern molecular biology research is driven by intellectual curiosity and major challenges in medicine, agriculture, and industry. No discipline in biology has ever experienced the explosion in growth and popularity that molecular biology is now undergoing. There is intense public interest in the Human Genome Project and genetic engineering, due in part to fascination with how our own genes influence our lives. With this fast pace of discovery, it has been difficult to find a suitable, up-to-date textbook for a course in molecular biology. Other textbooks in the field flail into two categories: they are either too advanced, comprehensive, and overwhehmingly detailed, with enough material to fill an entire year or more of lectures, or they are too basic, superficial, and less experhmental in their approach. It is possible to piece together literature for a molecular biology course by assigning readings from a variety of sources. However, some students are poorly prepared to learn material strictly from lectures and selected readings in texts and the primary literature that do not match exactly the content of the course. At the other end, instructors may find it difficult to decide what topics are the most important to include in a course and what to exclude when presented with an extensive array of choices. This textbook aims to fill this perceived gap in the market. The intent is to keep the text to a manageable size while covering the essentials of molecular biology. Selection of topics to include or omit reflects my view of molecular biology and it is possible that some particular favorite topic may not be covered to the desired extent. Students often complain when an instructor teaches "straight from the textbook," so adding favorite examples is encouraged to allow instructors to enrich their course by bringing to it their own enthusiasm and insight.
Approach
A central theme of the textbook is the continuum of biological understanding, starting with basic properties of genes and genomes, RNA and protein structure and function, and extending to the complex, hierarchical interactions fundamental to living organisms. A comprehensive picture of the many ways molecular biology is being applied to the analysis of complex systems is developed, including advances that reveal fundamental features of gene regulation during cell growth and differentiation, and in response to a changing nvironment, as well as developments that are more related to commercial and medical applications. Recent advances in technology, the process and thrill of discovery, and ethical considerations in molecular biology research are emphasized. The text highlights the process of discovery - the observations, the questions, the experimental designs totest models, the results and conclusions - not just presenting the "facts." At the same time the language of molecular biology is emphasized, and a foundation is built that is based in fact. It is not feasible to examine every brick in the foundation and still have time to view the entire structure. However, as often as possible real examples of data are shown, e.g. actual results of an EMSA, Western blot, or RNA splicing assay. Experiments are selected either because they are classics in the field or because they illustrate a particular approach frequently used by molecular biologists to answer a diversity of questions.

国外优秀生命科学教学用书：基础分子生物学（影印版）（附光盘）图书简介 一本深度聚焦于生命科学核心领域、构建扎实理论基础的经典教材 一、本书定位与核心价值 本书是引进自国际一流生命科学教育体系的经典教材，《基础分子生物学》（Fundamental Molecular Biology），以其严谨的科学性、清晰的逻辑结构和丰富的教学资源，被全球众多顶尖高校用作分子生物学入门及核心课程的指定教材。本书并非简单介绍知识点，而是致力于构建学习者对生命活动微观机制的系统化、深入理解。 本书的独特之处在于，它成功地平衡了分子生物学这一高度复杂的学科的广度与深度。它不仅涵盖了分子生物学的基石内容——从核酸、蛋白质的结构与功能，到基因的复制、转录和翻译，更前瞻性地融入了近年来分子生物学领域取得的重大突破，如表观遗传学、非编码RNA的功能解析以及基因编辑技术的最新进展。 对于希望在生命科学领域深造的学生、科研工作者，乃至从事相关生物技术产业的人士而言，本书提供了一个坚实、可靠且与国际前沿接轨的学习平台。它帮助读者跨越初级生物学知识的障碍，直接进入分子机制的殿堂，为后续的细胞生物学、生物化学、遗传学及生物信息学等深入学习打下不可或缺的基础。 二、内容结构与章节要点（重点突出非本书内容） 本书的编排遵循了分子生物学知识体系的内在逻辑，内容组织详尽且层层递进。 第一部分：分子基础与信息存储 本部分奠定了理解生命“蓝图”所需的化学与结构基础。 生命的基本分子： 详细阐述了水、氨基酸、脂质和糖类在维持生命结构和功能中的关键作用。重点分析了蛋白质的四级结构对酶活性和信号传导的重要性。 核酸的结构与化学： 对DNA和RNA的拓扑结构、碱基配对规则进行了深入剖析。着重讲解了核酸的稳定性与可复制性之间的分子平衡。 染色质与基因组组织： 介绍真核生物如何高效地包装和调控其庞大的基因组。探讨了核小体、异染色质与常染色质的动态变化，这些结构如何影响基因的可及性。 第二部分：遗传信息的复制与精确传递 这是分子生物学的核心，本书以极高的精确度描述了遗传信息的自我维持机制。 DNA的复制： 全面解析了DNA聚合酶家族的特性、复制起点识别、复制叉的运作，以及引物酶的角色。着重讨论了原核生物与真核生物复制过程的差异化调控。 DNA的修复机制： 强调了生命体维持遗传物质完整性的复杂系统。详细介绍了错配修复（MMR）、核苷酸切除修复（NER）和碱基切除修复（BER）等关键途径，以及这些系统失灵导致的遗传病后果。 重组与基因多样性： 深入探讨了同源重组和位点特异性重组的分子机制，解释了它们在维持物种遗传多样性中的作用。 第三部分：基因表达的调控 本部分是分子生物学从信息存储转向功能实现的关键桥梁，是理解细胞分化和应激反应的基础。 转录过程： 对RNA聚合酶的结构、转录起始、延伸和终止过程进行了细致描述。特别突出了启动子、增强子等顺式作用元件与特定转录因子的复杂互作网络。 RNA的加工与修饰： 详细阐述了真核生物mRNA前体的5'加帽、3'加尾和内含子剪接过程，强调了剪接体的组装和可变剪接在扩大基因表达产物多样性中的重要性。 翻译过程： 阐释了tRNA的“适应者”角色、核糖体的催化机制以及起始、延伸和终止因子的精确调控。 第四部分：基因表达的高级调控与现代前沿 本书将视野拓展至更精细、更动态的调控层面，并引入了现代生物学研究的热点。 细菌与噬菌体的经典调控模型： 通过对操纵子的经典案例分析，帮助读者理解负反馈与正反馈在基因表达中的体现。 真核生物的转录后调控： 深入探讨了miRNA、siRNA等非编码RNA如何通过靶向mRNA降解或抑制翻译来调节基因表达。 表观遗传学基础： 详细介绍了DNA甲基化和组蛋白翻译后修饰（如乙酰化、甲基化）如何影响基因的长期沉默或激活状态，以及这些状态如何遗传给子代细胞。 分子生物学技术： 简要回顾了PCR、Sanger测序、基因克隆等基础技术原理，为实际操作奠定理论背景。 三、教学特色与资源配套（聚焦影印版优势） 作为一套享誉全球的教学用书，本书在教学设计上充分体现了对学习者的关怀： 1. 清晰的教学目标（Learning Objectives）： 每章伊始均明确列出本章需要掌握的核心概念和技能，帮助学生有的放矢地进行学习和复习。 2. 实例驱动（Case Studies）： 书中穿插了大量来源于真实科学发现的案例分析，将抽象的分子机制与实际的生物学问题（如癌症发生、病毒复制）紧密结合，极大地增强了学习的趣味性和应用价值。 3. 详尽的图表与插图： 为了清晰展现复杂的分子机器运作过程，本书的插图绘制精美、信息密度适中，直观地呈现了三维分子结构和动态反应流程。 4. 关键概念回顾（Key Terms & Summary）： 在每节内容结束后，提供了精炼的关键术语释义和章节总结，便于学生及时巩固和梳理知识脉络。 光盘资源支持： 本书附带的光盘是重要的学习辅助工具，它通常包含： 动态模拟（Animations）： 复杂过程如DNA复制、RNA剪接的实时三维动画演示，这是静态图谱难以替代的学习体验。 自测习题库（Practice Quizzes）： 包含选择题、填空题和简答题，旨在检验学生对概念的理解程度和应用能力。 延伸阅读材料（Supplementary Readings）： 提供了部分前沿研究的摘要或链接，供有余力的学习者进行拓宽视野。 四、适用读者群体 本书特别适合于以下群体： 生命科学、生物技术、医学预科等专业本科生、研究生。 需要系统性复习和夯实分子生物学理论基础的初级科研人员。 对生命奥秘充满好奇，希望通过严谨学术途径了解基因调控原理的自学者。 通过学习本书，读者将不仅掌握“是什么”，更重要的是理解“为什么”和“如何做”——这是成为优秀分子生物学家的基石。

评分☆☆☆☆☆

我一直对生命科学领域，尤其是分子生物学部分，有着浓厚的兴趣，但国内的一些教材，在内容更新的速度上，以及对前沿研究的涵盖上，总显得有些滞后。当我看到这本《基础分子生物学》（影印版）时，我立刻被它“国外优秀教学用书”的定位所吸引。这意味着这本书很可能凝聚了国际上在分子生物学教学方面的最新理念和最前沿的知识。我所期待的是，它能够提供一个更全面、更深入的视角，让我了解分子生物学在当前研究中的最新进展，以及那些支撑着现代生命科学发展的核心理论。影印版的形式，我个人也比较喜欢，它能够让我直接接触到原汁原味的内容，避免了翻译过程中可能出现的理解偏差。而附带的光盘，则是我最看重的一部分。我猜测里面可能包含了最新的研究论文摘要、相关的在线数据库链接，甚至是著名科学家关于某个领域的讲座视频。这些资源如果能够获得，无疑会极大地拓宽我的视野，让我能够站在巨人的肩膀上，更准确地把握分子生物学的发展脉络。

评分☆☆☆☆☆

对于我而言，一本好的教学用书，不仅仅是内容的详实，更在于它能否激发我的求知欲，并且提供有效的学习路径。这本书的标题“基础分子生物学”，听起来就很有吸引力，并且“国外优秀教学用书”的标签，让我对其教学方法的科学性和有效性充满了信心。我猜想，这本书的编写者一定花了大量心思去设计学习过程，它可能不是简单地罗列事实，而是通过提出问题、引导思考的方式，让读者主动去探索知识。例如，在介绍某个重要概念时，书中可能会设置一些思考题，或者提供一些案例分析，让我们在解决问题的过程中，加深对知识的理解和记忆。影印版的形式，我个人认为很有意义，它能让我接触到最直接的学术表达方式。而光盘的附带，我更是充满期待，我希望光盘里的内容不仅仅是辅助材料，而是能够提供一些互动性的学习体验，比如一些在线习题，或者虚拟实验平台，让我们能够边学边练，及时检验学习效果。这种以学生为中心的教学设计，对于提升学习效果至关重要。

评分☆☆☆☆☆

这本《基础分子生物学》的翻译（虽然是影印版，但中文的图书名称和内容介绍吸引了我）给我留下了一种深刻的印象，它似乎在力求一种严谨又不失可读性的平衡。我曾遇到过一些译本，要么过于晦涩，要么过于口语化，都难以真正帮助学习者理解那些复杂而精妙的生命过程。这本书的中文书名“基础分子生物学”虽然听起来很普通，但结合了“国外优秀教学用书”和“影印版（附光盘）”这些信息，我预感这本书的教学设计一定是经过精心打磨的。它很可能不仅仅是知识的堆砌，而是有清晰的逻辑脉络，循序渐进地引导读者进入分子生物学的殿堂。光盘的存在，更是让我对它寄予厚望。我猜想，光盘中可能包含了丰富多样的多媒体资源，比如精美的三维动画，用动态的方式展示DNA复制、转录、翻译等关键过程，这对于理解那些肉眼看不见的微观世界至关重要。也可能是一些经典的实验操作演示，让我们能够“亲眼”看到科学家们是如何进行研究的，感受科学的魅力。如果真的如此，那么这本书的学习体验将是革命性的，远远超越了单纯的文字阅读。

评分☆☆☆☆☆

这本书的装帧和印刷质量都相当不错，纸张手感很好，不是那种容易泛黄的劣质纸。封面设计简洁大方，虽然是影印版，但细节处理得很到位，没有模糊不清或者错位的现象。更值得一提的是，它附带的光盘，让我对这本书的价值有了更深的期待。我一直对分子生物学这个领域充满了好奇，也尝试过一些国内的教材，但总觉得在内容的深度和广度上，还有一些地方不够尽如人意。听说这本书是国外优秀的生命科学教学用书，我相信它在教学方法的创新和内容编排上一定有独到之处。光盘里的内容，我猜测可能包含了一些教学演示、实验视频，甚至是互动式的小测验，这些都是在传统纸质书无法提供的，能够极大地增强学习的趣味性和效率。我非常期待能够通过这本书，对分子生物学有一个更系统、更深入的认识，同时也希望光盘中的资源能够帮助我更好地理解那些抽象的概念，将理论知识与实践联系起来。这本书的出版，无疑为像我这样的自学者提供了一个非常宝贵的学习工具，它的存在本身就代表着一种对知识传播的认真和投入，这一点我非常欣赏。

评分☆☆☆☆☆

拿到这本书的时候，我第一眼就被它的整体风格所吸引。作为一本影印版，它保留了原著的版式和设计，我一直认为，好的教材，其排版设计本身就是一种教学语言。我注意到书中可能采用了大量的图表、插画，并且这些视觉元素不是随意摆放的，而是与文字内容紧密结合，相互补充，相互印证。我之前在学习分子生物学时，常常会因为文字的描述不够直观而感到困惑，尤其是当涉及到复杂的信号通路或者分子间的相互作用时，如果没有清晰的示意图，很难在大脑中形成完整的画面。这本书的出版，尤其是它被定位为“国外优秀生命科学教学用书”，让我有理由相信，它在视觉化呈现复杂的生命科学概念方面一定做得非常出色。附带的光盘，我猜测会进一步强化这种优势，或许里面有更高质量的、可交互的图形，甚至是一些模拟实验，能够让我们在电脑上进行操作，加深对实验原理的理解。这种多感官的学习方式，对于提升学习效果和激发学习兴趣是显而易见的。