代數幾何入門（英文版） [An Invitation to Algebraic Geometry] 下載 mobi epub pdf 電子書 2024

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內容簡介

　　《代數幾何入門(英文版)》旨在深層次講述代數幾何原理、20世紀的一些重要進展和數學實踐中正在探討的問題。該書的內容對於對代數幾何不是很瞭解或瞭解甚少，但又想要瞭解代數幾何基礎的數學工作者是非常有用的。目次：仿射代數變量；代數基礎；射影變量；Quasi射影變量；經典結構；光滑；雙有理幾何學；映射到射影空間。
　　讀者對象：《代數幾何入門(英文版)》適用於數學專業高年級本科生、研究生和與該領域有關的工作者。

內頁插圖

目錄

Notes for the Second Printing
Preface
Acknowledgments
Index of Notation
1 Affine Algebraic Varieties
1.1 Definition and Examples
1.2 The Zariski Topology
1.3 Morphisms of Affine Algebraic Varieties
1.4 Dimension

2 Algebraic Foundations
2.1 A Quick Review of Commutative Ring Theory
2.2 Hilberts Basis Theorem
2.3 Hilberts NuUstellensatz
2.4 The Coordinate Ring
2.5 The Equivalence of Algebra and Geometry
2.6 The Spectrum of a Ring
3 Projective Varieties

3.1 Projective Space
3.2 Projective Varieties
3.3 The Projective Closure of an Affine Variety
3.4 Morphisms of Projective Varieties
3.5 Automorphisms of Projective Space

4 Quasi-Projective Varieties
4.1 Quasi-Projective Varieties
4.2 A Basis for the Zariski Topology
4.3 Regular Functions

5 Classical Constructions
5.1 Veronese Maps
5.2 Five Points Determine a Conic
5.3 The Segre Map and Products of Varieties
5.4 Grassmannians
5.5 Degree
5.6 The Hilbert Function

6 Smoothness
6.1 The Tangent Space at a Point
6.2 Smooth Points
6.3 Smoothness in Families
6.4 Bertinis Theorem
6.5 The Gauss Mapping

7 Birational Geometry
7.1 Resolution of Singularities
7.2 Rational Maps
7.3 Birational Equivalence
7.4 Blowing Up Along an Ideal
7.5 Hypersurfaces
7.6 The Classification Problems

8 Maps to Projective Space
8.1 Embedding a Smooth Curve in Three-Space
8.2 Vector Bundles and Line Bundles
8.3 The Sections of a Vector Bundle
8.4 Examples of Vector Bundles
8.5 Line Bundles and Rational Maps
8.6 Very Ample Line Bundles
A Sheaves and Abstract Algebraic Varieties
A.1 Sheaves
A.2 Abstract Algebraic Varieties
References
Index

精彩書摘

　　The remarkable intuition of the turn-of-the-century algebraic geometerseventually began to falter as the subject grew beyond its somewhat shakylogical foundations. Led by David Hilbert, mathematical culture shiftedtoward a greater emphasis on rigor, and soon algebraic geometry fell outof favor as gaps and even some errors appeared in the subject. Luckily,the spirit and techniques of algebraic geometry were kept alive, primarilyby Italian mathematicians. By the mid-twentieth century, with the effortsof mathematicians such as David Hilbert and Emmy Noether, algebra wassufficiently developed so as to be able once again to support this beautifuland important subject. In the middle of the twentieth century, Oscar Zariski and Andr Weilspent a good portion of their careers redeveloping the foundations of alge-braic geometry on firm mathematical ground. This was not a mere processof filling in details left unstated before, but a revolutionary new approach,based on analyzing the algebraic properties of the set of all polynomial func-tions on an algebraic variety. These innovations revealed deep connectionsbetween previously separate areas of mathematics, such as number the-ory and the theory of Riemann surfaces, and eventually allowed AlexanderGrothendieck to carry algebraic geometry to dizzying heights of abstrac-tion in the last half of the century. This abstraction has simplified, unified,and greatly advanced the subject, and has provided powerful tools usedto solve difficult problems. Today, algebraic geometry touches nearly everybranch of mathematics. An unfortunate effect of this late-twentieth-century abstraction is that ithas sometimes made algebraic geometry appear impenetrable to outsiders.Nonetheless, as we hope to convey in this Invitation to Algebraic Geome-try, the main objects of study in algebraic geometry, affine and projectivealgebraic varieties, and the main research questions about them, are asinteresting and accessible as ever.

前言/序言

　　These notes grew out of a course at the University of Jyvaskyla in Jan-uary 1996 as part of Finlands new graduate school in mathematics. The course was suggested by Professor Karl Astala， who asked me to give a series of ten two-hour lectures entitled "Algebraic Geometry for Analysts." The audience consisted mainly of two groups of mathematicians： Ph.D. students from the Universities of Jyvaskyla and Helsinki， and mature mathemati-cians whose research and training were quite far removed from algebra.Finland has a rich tradition in classical and topological analysis， and it was primarily in this tradition that my audience was educated， although there were representatives of another well-known Finnish school， mathematical logic.
　　I tried to conduct a course that would be accessible to everyone， but that would take participants beyond the standard course in algebraic ge-ometry. I wanted to convey a feeling for the underlying algebraic principles of algebraic geometry. But equally important， I wanted to explain some of algebraic geometrys major achievements in the twentieth century， as well as some of the problems that occupy its practitioners today. With such ambitious goals， it was necessary to omit many proofs and sacrifice some rigor.
　　In light of the background of the audience， few algebraic prerequisites were presumed beyond a basic course in linear algebra. On the other hand，the language of elementary point-set topology and some basic facts from complex analysis were used freely， as was a passing familiarity with the definition of a manifold.
　　My sketchy lectures were beautifully written up and massaged into this text by Lauri Kahanpaa and Pekka Kekallainen. This was a Herculean effort，no less because of the excellent figures Lauri created with the computer.Extensive revisions to the Finnish text were carried out together with Lauri and Pekka; later Will Traves joined in to help with substantial revisions to the English version. What finally resulted is this book， and it would not have been possible without the valuable contributions of all members of our four-author team.
　　This book is intended for the working or the aspiring mathematician who is unfamiliar with algebraic geometry but wishes to gain an appreciation of its foundations and its goals with a minimum of prerequisites. It is not in-tended to compete with such comprehensive introductions as Hartshornes or Shafarevichs texts， to which we freely refer for proofs and rigor. Rather，we hope that at least some readers will be inspired to undertake more se-rious study of this beautiful subject. This book is， in short， An Invitation to Algebraic Geometry.

代數幾何入門（英文版） [An Invitation to Algebraic Geometry] 下載 mobi epub pdf txt 電子書 格式

評分☆☆☆☆☆

從19世紀末開始，齣現瞭以卡斯特爾諾沃、恩裏奎斯和塞維裏為代錶的意大利學派以及以龐加萊、皮卡和萊夫謝茨為代錶的法國學派。他們對復數域上的低維代數簇的分類作瞭許多非常重要的工作，特彆是建立瞭被認為是代數幾何中最漂亮的理論之一的代數麯麵分類理論。但是由於早期的代數幾何研究缺乏一個嚴格的理論基礎，這些工作中存在不少漏洞和錯誤，其中個彆漏洞直到目前還沒有得到彌補。

評分☆☆☆☆☆

黎曼1857年引入並發展瞭代數函數論，從而使代數麯綫的研究獲得瞭一個關鍵性的突破。黎曼把他的函數定義在復數平麵的某種多層復迭平麵上，從而引入瞭所謂黎曼麯麵的概念。運用這個概念，黎曼定義瞭代數麯綫的一個最重要的數值不變量：虧格。這也是代數幾何曆史上齣現的第一個絕對不變量。

評分☆☆☆☆☆

先收藏，以後再看。書總是在需要的時候斷貨。

評分☆☆☆☆☆

代數幾何與數學的許多分支學科有著廣泛的聯係，如數論、解析幾何、微分幾何、交換代數、代數群、拓撲學等。代數幾何的發展和這些學科的發展起著相互促進的作用。同時，作為一門理論學科，代數幾何的應用前景也開始受到人們的注意，其中的一個顯著的例子是代數幾何在控製論中的應用。

評分☆☆☆☆☆

京東的積分規則太不人性化瞭！

評分☆☆☆☆☆

非常好的書，內容很好，循序漸進，

評分☆☆☆☆☆

在黎曼之後，德國數學傢諾特等人用幾何方法獲得瞭代數麯綫的許多深刻的性質。諾特還對代數麯麵的性質進行瞭研究。他的成果給以後意大利學派的工作建立瞭基礎。

評分☆☆☆☆☆

用於學習數學與幾何的專業英語，非常給力！

評分☆☆☆☆☆

代數幾何學中要證明的定理多半是純幾何的，在論證中雖然使用坐標法，但是采用坐標法多建立在射影坐標係的基礎上。

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