粒子的统计物理学 下载 mobi epub pdf 电子书 2024

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内容简介

　　统计物理是利用物质基本组成成份来研究物质的整体性质，它在量子力学发展中发挥了重要的作用。本书根据作者20多年来在麻省理工学院讲授粒子统计物理的课程讲义编写而成，主要讲解统计物理学的基本概念和处理实际问题的方法。在讲述完热力学基础后，作者专门讲解了常用数学工具如概率论和中心极限定理。本书内容还包括相互作用粒子，van der Waals方程及其推导，经典和量子统计力学以及信息论中的相关问题。本书附有习题，并在全书结尾处给出部分答案。阅读本书时可以参考作者的另外一本专著《场的统计物理》，主要介绍利用重整化群等非平均场方法研究标度律和临界现象。目次：热力学；概率论；气体动力学理论；经典统计力学；相互作用的粒子；量子统计力学；理想量子气体；部分习题解答；索引。

作者简介

　　MEHRAN KARDAR is Professor of Physics at MIT, where he has taught and researched in the field of statistical physics for the past 20 years. He received his B.A. at Cambridge, and gained his Ph.D. at MIT. Professor Kardar has held research and visiting positions as a junior Fellow at Harvard,Guggenheim Fellow at Oxford, UCSB, and at Berkeley as a Miller Fellow.

目录

Preface
1 Thermodynamics
1.1 Introduction
1.2 The zeroth law
1.3 The first law
1.4 The second law
1.5 Carnot engines
1.6 Entropy
1.7 Approach to equilibrium and thermodynamic potentials
1.8 Useful mathematical results
1.9 Stability conditions
1.10 The third law
Problems
2 Probability
2.1 General definitions
2.2 One random variable
2.3 Some important probability distributions
2.4 Many random variables
2.5 Sums of random variables and the central limit theorem
2.6 Rules for large numbers
2.7 Information, entropy, and estimation
Problems
3 Kinetic theory of gases
3.1 General definitions
3.2 Liouvilles theorem
3.3 The Bogoliubov-Born--Green-Kirkwood-Yvon hierarchy
3.4 The Boltzmann equation
3.5 The H-theorem and irreversibility
3.6 Equilibrium properties
3.7 Conservation laws
3.8 Zeroth-order hydrodynamics
3.9 First-order hydrodynamics
Problems
4 Classical statistical mechanics
4.1 General definitions
4.2 The microcanonical ensemble
4.3 Two-level systems
4.4 The ideal gas
4.5 Mixing entropy and the Gibbs paradox
4.6 The canonical ensemble
4.7 Canonical examples
4.8 The Gibbs canonical ensemble
4.9 The grand canonical ensemble
Problems
5 Intenmeting particles
5.1 The cumulant expansion
5.2 The cluster expansion
5.3 The second virial coefficient and van der Waals equation
5.4 Breakdown of the van der Waals equation
5.5 Mean-field theory of condensation
5.6 Variational methods
5.7 Corresponding states
5.8 Critical point behavior
Problems
6 Quantum statistical mechanics
6.1 Dilute polyatomic gases
6.2 Vibrations of a solid
6.3 Black-body radiation
6.4 Quantum microstates
6.5 Quantum macrostates
Problems
7 Ideal quantum gases
7.1 Hilbert space of identical particles
7.2 Canonical formulation
7.3 Grand canonical formulation
7.4 Non-relativistic gas
7.5 The degenerate fermi gas
7.6 The degenerate bose gas
7.7 Superfiuid Hen
Problems
Solutions to selected problems
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Index

前言/序言

粒子的统计物理学 下载 mobi epub pdf txt 电子书 格式

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这就是被科学界称为最美的“对称”研究思路。事实上，爱因斯坦的相对论也是这个思路。

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这种方法，简单说来，就是把书读“薄”。

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从来没有从头到尾把一本书读完

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从来没有从头到尾把一本书读完

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狄拉克的想法提出后的第4年，美国物理学家安德森在研究宇宙射线簇射中高能电子径迹的时候，奇怪地发现强磁场中有一半电子向一个方向偏转，另一半向相反方向偏转，经过仔细辨认，这就是狄拉克预言的正电子。后续的实验则全都印证了狄拉克预言的正确性。

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