店鋪： 中圖兒童書店
齣版社： Routledge
ISBN：9780415253840
商品編碼：17813276400
具體描述
內容簡介
In this famous short book Einstein explains clearly, using the minimum amount of mathematical terms, the basic ideas and principles of the theory which has shaped the world we live in today.在這本著作裏，愛因斯坦用最少的數學術語解釋瞭塑造我們今天生活的世界的理論的基本思想和原理。
作者簡介
Albert Einstein (1879-1955) Born in Switzerland, died in the USA. Brilliant physicist who received the Nobel Prize in 1921, the same year he was made a Fellow of the Royal Society.阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦（Albert Einstein，1879-1955）生於瑞士，死於美國。 1921年獲得諾貝爾奬的傑齣的物理學傢，同年他被任命為皇傢學會會員。
精彩書評
How better to learn the Special Theory of Relativity and the General Theory of Relativity than directly from their creator.---Albert Einstein himselfIn Relativity: The Special and the General Theory, Einstein describes the theories that made him famous, illuminating his case with numerous examples and a smattering of math (nothing more complex than high-school algebra). Einstein's book is not casual reading, but for those who appreciate his work without diving into the arcana of theoretical physics, Relativity will prove a stimulating read. --This text refers to an alternate Paperback edition. 'He was unfathomably profound - the genius among geniuses who discovered, merely by thinking about it, that the universe was not as it seemed.' - Time'Much of the book is a delight.' - Stephen Battersby, New Scientist'[Einstein] is a far better populariser of science than Stephen Hawking ... you'll feel as though you have a ringside seat at a revolution in human understanding.' - Guardian學習狹義相對論和廣義相對論比直接從他們的創造者學得更好。——愛因斯坦（Albert Einstein） 在“相對論：特殊論”和“通論”中，愛因斯坦描述瞭使他成名的理論，用無數的例子和一些數學（比高中代數更復雜）來闡述他的理論。 愛因斯坦的書不是隨意的閱讀，但對於那些欣賞他的作品而不深入理論物理學的人來說，相對論將是一個刺激的閱讀。“他深不可測的 - 天纔之間的天纔，隻是通過思考纔發現，宇宙並不像現在這樣。 —— Times“這本書很有趣。” ——斯蒂芬·巴特斯比，新科學傢“愛因斯坦”比斯蒂芬·霍金是一個更好的科學普及者，你會感覺好像你在人類理解的革命中擁有瞭座位。 ——衛報
精彩書摘
Albert Einstein's Relativity: The Special and the General Theory (1920) is a cornerstone in the edifice of modern physics. With it the great scientist and humanist took his place beside other great teachers of science. Among the greatest achievements of human thinking, the theories of relativity are commonly regarded as the exclusive domain of highly trained physicists and mathematicians. Disapproving of this segregation as he was, Einstein took it upon himself to explain in this book both theories in their simplest and most down-to-earth form, intending it for "those readers who, from a general scientific and philosophical point of view, are interested in the theory, but who are not conversant with the mathematical apparatus." Indeed, within the vast literature on the philosophy of space and time, Einstein's Relativity shall remain an illuminable and intelligible exposition, highly quotable as one of the most lucid presentations of the subject matter, and a launching pad for any further inquiry on the fascinating features of our universe.Albert Einstein (1879-1955) is one of the icons of our times, requiring almost no introduction. A Nobel laureate, the author of the special and the general theories of relativity, and a key figure in the birth of quantum mechanics, he is widely acclaimed as one of the most creative intellects of human history. The German-Jewish-born "technical-expert-third-class" in the Swiss patent office in Bern originally intended to become a secondary-school teacher - a profession for which he had a natural talent, as readers of Relativity would surely appreciate - but in 1909, having completed an astonishing range of theoreticalphysics publications, written in his spare time without the benefit of close contact with scientific literature or colleagues, he was recognized as a leading scientific thinker and two years later was appointed a full professor at the Karl-Ferdinand University in Prague. A year later he returned to Zurich to begin his work on the general theory of relativity and in 1914 accepted a distinguished research position in the Prussian Academy of Sciences together with a chair (but no teaching duties) at the University of Berlin. He was also offered the directorship of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Physics in Berlin, which was about to be established. After a number of false starts, Einstein published, late in 1915, the definitive version of the general theory of relativity, and in so doing forever changed our views of the cosmos.Einstein was first idolized by the popular press when British eclipse expeditions in 1919 confirmed his predictions on the bending of light rays near the sun. The London Times ran the headline on 7 November 1919: Revolution in science - New theory of the Universe - Newtonian ideas overthrown, and three weeks later printed Einstein's popular exposition on relativity. The exposition became a classic, and Einstein became an overnight sensation, the world's first and greatest scientific superstar. Two years later he received the Nobel Prize for his 1905 work on the photoelectric effect. By then Einstein was internationally known, and when he was offered a post in Princeton in 1932 he moved to the United States, never to return to Germany. His late career was marked by unsuccessful attempts to unify the laws of physics, and by a strong distaste for the fashionable so-called "Copenhagen interpretation" of quantum mechanics. A week before his death, Einstein signed his last letter, written to Bertrand Russell, in which he agreed that his name should go on a manifesto urging all nations to give up nuclear weapons. It is only appropriate that one of his last acts was to argue, as he had done all his life, for international peace. With Einstein's death in 1955 the world had not only lost one of its foremost thinkers but also a humanist fighter for peace and freedom.1905 was a remarkable year for Einstein. Among his articles published that year, the paper "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies" delineated the principles of the special theory of relativity. Shortly thereafter his paper "Does the Inertia of a Body Depend upon its Energy Content?" was published; this paper contained the famous equation E = mc2 stating the equivalence of energy and mass. Both papers propounded a revolutionary operational interpretation of a certain mathematical machinery, devised originally by the Dutch physicist H. Lorentz in order to square Maxwell's theory of electrodynamics with apparently contradictory experimental results. Relying as they did on the postulate of relativity and on the postulate of the constancy of the speed of light in a vacuum, they resulted in a new conception of space and time, the radical features of which were best captured in the dramatic words of Einstein's teacher, the mathematician H. Minkowski (1908): "…space by itself, and time by itself, are doomed to fade away into mere shadows, and only a kind of union of the two will preserve an independent reality."The best way to understand the special theory of relativity (STR) is, according to Einstein himself, to see it as a theory of principle, its two famous principles being the relativity principle (that the laws of nature co-vary with uniformly moving reference frames, or as Bondi (1980) puts it, "that velocity does not matter"), and the light principle (that the speed of light in a vacuum is constant, independent of the speed of the source). Another famous theory of principle is thermodynamics; Einstein used to point to this theory as one of his favorites that inspired his conception of STR. In theories of principle such as thermodynamics or STR one starts from empirically observed general properties of phenomena such as the non-existence of perpetual motion machines, in order to infer general applicable results without making any assumptions on hypothetical constituents of the system at hand. Since the building blocks of these theories are "not hypothetically constructed but empirically discovered," in so doing, says Einstein, one employs "the analytic, not the synthetic method." Lorentz's contraction and dilation theory, along with statistical mechanics and its predecessor the kinetic theory of gases, are, on the other hand, examples of constructive theories. They begin, according to Einstein, with certain hypothetical elements and use these as building blocks in an attempt to construct models of more complex processes.Einstein's "principle" approach to physics in STR differs from the "constructive" approach of Lorentz in two major ways. As the late eminent CERN physicist John S. Bell (1987) notes, there is a difference in style, and a difference in philosophy. The difference in style is that theories of principle, as Relativity: The Special and the General Theory nicely demonstrates, are generally more elegant and concise, while constructive theories are usually complicated and cumbersome. The difference in philosophy is that since the question of which uniformly moving reference frame is really at rest is experimentally undeterminable, Einstein - later to be joined happily by logical positivists such as Schlick and Reichenbach - declares the notions "real rest" and "real motion" as meaningless. For him only the relative motion of the two or more uniformly moving objects is real, hence no reference frame is "specially marked out" (Part II, Chapter XVIII). Lorentz, on the other hand, along with Fitzgerald, Larmor, and Poincaré, preferred the view that there is indeed a state of real rest, defined by the "aether," even though the laws of physics conspire to prevent us from detecting it experimentally. And although Einstein's STR is commonly favored today over Lorentz's conspiracy theory, it is important to note that (1) the facts of physics do not oblige us to accept one philosophy rather than the other, and (2) it is not necessary to accept Lorentz's philosophy to accept, as Einstein himself did, "Lorentzian pedagogy" - that the laws of physics in any one reference frame account for all physical phenomena, including the observations of moving observers - especially when it is often simpler to work in a single frame, rather than hurry after each moving object in turn.The birth of the general theory of relativity was more complicated and agonizing for Einstein, although he referred to the idea that marked its conception, namely the equivalence principle between inertial and gravitational mass (originally connived by Poincaré as a skeptical argument), as "the happiest idea of my life." For a long time Einstein struggled with his famous field equations that constraint of the geometry of spacetime and the distribution of matter on it, and it was only with the help of his school friend the mathematician Marcel Grossman that he finally came to grips with their definite form.The general theory of relativity, although of very little use in building an airplane or solving the energy crisis, is a huge step toward our understanding of nature, but Einstein himself recognized in his late career that the original philosophical goal that motivated its conception was not achieved. STR "eliminated," or more precisely made relational, two Newtonian entities that were regarded as absolute, namely simultaneity and velocity. With the general theory of relativity Einstein hoped to implement Mach's principle and to eliminate another absolute entity, namely acceleration. Einstein saw Mach's principle (Part II, Chapter XXI) as a modern version of "Occam razor": unobservable theoretical entities that do no explanatory work in a physical theory are superfluous, hence should be eliminated from the theory. Newton's concept of absolute space (responsible in Newtonian mechanics for absolute acceleration) was the target of Einstein's attack, but the general theory of relativity, although explaining geometry in terms of gravity and gravity in terms of geometry, did not exorcize the ghost of absolute space. Having reconstructed accelerated motion as inertial motion on geodesics, the theory indeed changed the mean...
曆史的迴響：聚焦20世紀初的歐洲社會變遷 作者： [此處可填入一位虛構的曆史學傢或社會觀察傢的名字，例如：亞曆山大·科瓦奇] 字數： 約 1500 字 --- 圖書簡介： 《曆史的迴響：聚焦20世紀初的歐洲社會變遷》並非一部關於物理學理論的著作，而是一部深入剖析1900年至1939年間，歐洲大陸在政治、文化、社會結構和日常生活層麵經曆的劇烈斷裂與重塑的宏大敘事。本書旨在描繪一個在“美好年代”的浮華錶象下，潛藏著深刻矛盾與不安的歐洲，並追蹤這些內在張力如何最終匯集成改變世界格局的洪流。 本書的敘事焦點在於“轉變”——一種從19世紀的穩定秩序嚮20世紀的動蕩、不確定性過渡的復雜過程。我們摒棄瞭將曆史視為一係列孤立事件的傳統手法，轉而采用多維度的交叉分析，力圖捕捉那個時代知識分子、工人階級、新興中産階級以及邊緣群體的集體經驗。 第一部分：舊世界的黃昏與新思潮的湧動 (1900-1914) 本部分首先描繪瞭“美好年代”的圖景——那是一個由鍍金時代的財富、維多利亞式道德規範和對科技進步的盲目樂觀所構築的錶象。然而，作者敏銳地捕捉到瞭這光鮮外衣下的裂痕： 權力結構的焦慮： 深入探討瞭歐洲各大帝國（德意誌、奧匈、沙皇俄國）在民族主義、帝國主義競爭和內部社會階層固化下麵臨的結構性壓力。我們考察瞭各國君主製如何試圖通過對外擴張來轉移國內矛盾，以及隨之而來的軍備競賽的邏輯。 城市化的衝擊與工人運動的興起： 聚焦於工業化晚期帶來的城市人口爆炸、惡劣的居住條件以及隨之而來的社會思潮。詳細分析瞭社會主義、共産主義和無政府主義思潮在歐洲工人階級中的傳播與組織化過程，以及工會與政府和資方之間的激烈博弈。 文化與藝術的革命先聲： 這一章是本書的亮點之一。它不側重於科學領域的突破，而是探討瞭藝術、哲學和心理學領域如何開始解構既有的現實觀。從布魯剋納的音樂、馬奈的畫作到尼采哲學的擴散，再到弗洛伊德對潛意識的挖掘，這些文化地震如何預示著理性主義的退潮，為後來的社會動蕩鋪設瞭心理基礎。 第二部分：戰爭的創傷與現代性的確立 (1914-1929) 第一次世界大戰是本書分析的核心轉摺點。作者拒絕將戰爭簡單視為政治失敗，而是將其視為一種深刻的社會和精神創傷，徹底改變瞭歐洲的自我認知。 總體戰的社會影響： 考察瞭戰爭如何以前所未有的規模動員瞭整個社會——女性進入工廠、物資配給製度、前綫與後方的精神聯係。討論瞭宣傳機器的建立及其對民族主義的強化，以及戰爭如何瓦解瞭貴族階層對軍隊的傳統控製權。 凡爾賽體係的脆弱性： 詳細分析瞭戰後條約所帶來的領土重劃、巨額賠款和民族自決的悖論。書中著重探討瞭新生的中歐和東歐國傢（如波蘭、捷剋斯洛伐剋）在構建民族認同和穩定民主製度時所麵臨的巨大挑戰。 “迷惘的一代”與文化流亡： 描述瞭戰後一代知識分子和藝術傢的普遍疏離感。通過對巴黎、柏林和維也納等文化中心的考察，展示瞭爵士樂的傳入、達達主義的荒誕和超現實主義的夢境，如何成為對理性邏輯破産的集體抵抗。 第三部分：激進思潮的崛起與民主的衰退 (1929-1939) 本書的最後部分關注大蕭條對歐洲政治生態的根本性重塑，以及自由民主製度在經濟絕望麵前的潰敗。 經濟崩潰與政治極化： 深入分析瞭1929年華爾街股災如何迅速傳導至依賴美國貸款的歐洲經濟體，特彆是德國和奧地利。重點對比瞭兩種應對危機的模式：一是通過國傢乾預和福利主義的嘗試（如羅斯福新政在歐洲的影響），二是通過訴諸極權主義的承諾。 法西斯主義的社會基礎： 本書對法西斯主義的分析避免瞭純粹的意識形態論述，而是將其置於具體的社會背景中。我們考察瞭法西斯如何在失去生計的工匠、恐慌的中産階級和小農群體中獲得支持，並強調瞭其對傳統秩序的“重建”承諾如何吸引瞭那些厭倦瞭自由主義混亂的人。 文化抵抗與道德睏境： 在極權主義陰影下，知識分子和藝術傢麵臨著艱難的選擇：流亡、沉默，還是積極反抗？本章探討瞭西班牙內戰作為歐洲意識形態鬥爭的預演，以及各國知識界對“集體主義”與“個人自由”之間權衡的痛苦抉擇。 結語： 《曆史的迴響》旨在提醒讀者，1939年的戰爭並非憑空發生，而是20世紀初一係列社會、經濟和心理斷裂的必然結果。本書試圖通過細緻入微的社會場景還原，揭示在一個看似堅固的時代框架崩塌時，人類社會所錶現齣的脆弱性、適應性以及最終走嚮毀滅的復雜動力。它是一部關於結構性危機如何孕育巨大變革的曆史編年史。
用戶評價
評分
這本書簡直是物理學的“聖經”！我一直對愛因斯坦這個名字充滿敬畏，但坦白說，我對相對論的理解一直停留在“時間會變慢”這種非常錶層的概念上。拿到這本書的時候，我心裏其實是有點打鼓的，擔心裏麵全是晦澀難懂的數學公式，會讓我望而卻步。然而，一旦翻開序言，那種被大師思想引領的感覺立刻就抓住瞭我。作者的敘述方式，不是那種冷冰冰的教科書式的灌輸，而更像是一位經驗豐富的導師，帶著你一步步走進一個全新的思維宇宙。他非常巧妙地利用日常的觀察和類比來鋪陳復雜的概念，比如光速不變性，這個看似簡單的假設，是如何徹底顛覆瞭我們對空間和時間的傳統認知。讀到關於狹義相對論的推導過程時，我感覺自己的大腦像被重新格式化瞭一遍。那種豁然開朗的喜悅，是閱讀其他科普讀物時難以體會的。這本書的魅力就在於，它既能滿足資深物理愛好者的求知欲，又能讓初次接觸這個領域的讀者感受到探索的樂趣，完全沒有被那些艱深的理論嚇跑。
評分作為一名非專業讀者，我必須承認，這本書對我來說是一個巨大的挑戰，但絕對是值得的“攀登”。我並沒有試圖一口氣讀完所有章節，而是采用瞭“慢讀、精思”的策略。每讀完一個核心概念，我都會停下來，閤上書本，嘗試用自己的話復述一遍，或者找一些相關的視頻資料來輔助理解。這本書的好處在於，它提供瞭堅實的理論基礎，讓你不滿足於錶麵解釋，而是渴望深入到“為什麼會這樣”的根本。我特彆欣賞愛因斯坦在論述中錶現齣的那種近乎孩童般的好奇心和對自然界最深層規律的敬畏。這種謙遜的態度，使得整本書的閱讀體驗充滿瞭敬意和探索的樂趣。它不是那種試圖取悅讀者的通俗讀物，它要求你付齣努力，但當你最終理解瞭某個關鍵性的步驟時，那種成就感是無與倫比的，就像自己親手解開瞭一個宇宙的謎題。
評分這本書對我的世界觀産生瞭長遠的、甚至可以說是顛覆性的影響。在閱讀它之前，我總覺得物理學是抽象的、脫離生活的，是實驗室裏科學傢們的研究對象。但愛因斯坦的這套理論，竟然能如此精妙地解釋我們日常生活中那些看似微不足道的現象，比如GPS定位的精確性，如果沒有相對論的修正，係統會纍積巨大的誤差。這種“理論指導實踐”的震撼力，讓人不得不重新審視科學的價值。我花瞭很長時間去消化其中關於引力場如何被描述為時空彎麯的部分。那種想象力——將宇宙想象成一個可以被物質拉伸和扭麯的彈性膜——是何等的宏大和瑰麗！我時常在想，一個生活在二十世紀初的人，是如何僅憑純粹的理性思考達到如此超前的地步。這本書的文字簡潔有力，沒有多餘的渲染，直擊核心，這種教科書般的精準度，反而賦予瞭它強大的情感穿透力。
評分這本書的結構組織非常清晰，邏輯鏈條一環扣一環，嚴密得像一座由思想鑄成的宏偉建築。它不是簡單地堆砌公式，而是構建瞭一個完整的思維框架，讓你理解狹義相對論如何自然而然地導嚮廣義相對論，以及它們之間內在的統一性。我特彆喜歡他描述的那個思想實驗——想象一個人在自由落體的電梯裏，體驗到的失重感與在太空中漂浮的感覺是完全等價的。通過這樣精妙的對比，原本抽象的等效原理變得觸手可及。閱讀過程中，我深刻體會到科學的進步往往不是靠新的實驗數據，而是靠更深刻的、更簡潔的理論框架來完成的。愛因斯坦的文字，那種對數學工具的運用和對物理直覺的完美結閤，是後人難以企及的。這本書不僅僅是關於物理學的，它更是關於人類認知邊界拓展的一部史詩級著作，值得每一個對知識抱有敬畏之心的人反復品讀和研習。
評分說實話，這本書的排版和裝幀設計非常考究，光是看著書脊就能感受到它沉甸甸的曆史分量。我尤其欣賞的是，編輯似乎非常理解讀者在麵對原著時的睏境，他們在關鍵的數學推導部分，似乎都做瞭非常細緻的排版處理，使得那些復雜的張量和微分方程看起來不再那麼令人頭疼。雖然是原著的翻譯版本（或者這裏是指原版），但那種嚴謹的學術態度是撲麵而來的。我個人認為，學習任何基礎科學的精髓，繞不開原著的魅力。愛因斯坦本人在撰寫時，那種對宇宙終極真理的探尋之心，是任何後來的解讀都無法完全復製的。閱讀這本書的過程，更像是一場與作者的心靈對話，我能清晰地感受到他試圖跨越語言和時代的壁壘，嚮後人闡明他那革命性的洞察。特彆是關於等效原理的論述，愛因斯坦的文字充滿瞭哲學的思辨性，讓人在理解物理概念的同時，也對“觀察者”和“實在”本身産生瞭更深層次的思考，這已經超齣瞭純粹的物理學範疇。
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