內容簡介
《實分析教程(第2版)》是一部備受專傢好評的教科書,書中用現代的方式清晰論述瞭實分析的概念與理論,定理證明簡明易懂,可讀性強,全書共有200道例題和1200例習題。《實分析教程(第2版)》的寫法像一部文學讀物,這在數學教科書很少見,因此閱讀《實分析教程(第2版)》會是一種享受。
作者簡介
麥剋唐納(John N.McDonald),McDonald After receiving his Ph.D.in mathematics from Rut gers University, John N.McDonald joined the faculty in the Department of Mathematics (now the School of Mathematical and Statistical Scrences) at Arizona State University, where he attained the rank of full professor.McDonald has taught a wide range of mathematics courses, including calculus, linear algebra, difFerential equations, real analysis, complexanalysis, and functional analysis.Known by colleagues and students alike as an excelient instructor, McDonald was honored by his department with the Charles Wexler Teaching Award.He also serves as a mentor in the prestigious Joaquin Bustoz Math-Saence Honors Program, an intense academic program that pfovides motivated students an opportunity to commence university mathematics and science studies prior to graduating high school. McDonald has numerous research pubHcations, which span the areas of complex analysist functional analysis, harmonic analysis, and probability theory.He is also a former Managing Fditor of the Rocky Mountain Journal of Mathematics.McDonald and his wife, Pat, have four children and six grandchildren.In addition to spending time with his family, he enjoys music, film, and staying physically fit through jogging and other exercising.
內頁插圖
目錄
About the Authors Preface
PART ONE. Set Theory, Real Numbers, and Calculus
1. SET THEORY Biography: Georg Cantor
1.1 Basic Definitions and Properties
1.2 Functions and Sets
1.3 Equivalence of Sets; Countability
1.4 Algebras, a-Algebras, and Monotone Classes
2. THE REAL NUMBER SYSTEM AND CALCULUS
Biography: Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann
2.1 The ReaINumber System
2.2 Sequences of Real Numbers
2.3 Open and Closed Sets
2.4 Real-Valued Functions
2.5 The Cantor Set and Cantor Function
2.6 The Riemann Integral
PART TWO. Measure, Integration, and DifFerentiation
3. LEBESGUE MEASURE ON THE REAL LINE
Biography: Emile Felix-Edouard-Justrn Borel
3.1 Borel Measurable Functions and Borel Sets
3.2 Lebesgue Outer Measure
3.3 Further Properties of Lebesgue Outer Measure
3.4 Lebesgue Measure
4. THE LEBESGUE INTEGRAL ON THE REAL LINE
Biography: Henri Leon Lebesgue
4.1 The Lebesgue Integral for Nonnegative Functions
4.2 Convergence Properties of the Lebesgue Integral for Nonnegative Functions
4.3 The General Lebesgue Integral
4.4 Lebesgue Almost Everywhere
5. ELEMENTS OF MEASURE THEORY
Biography: Constantin Caratheodory
5.1 MeasureSpaces
5.2 Measurable Functions
5.3 The Abstract Lebesgue Integral for Nonnegative Functions
5.4 The General Abstract Lebesgue Integral
5.5 Convergence in Measure
6 .EXTENSIONS TO MEASURES AND PRODUCT MEASURE
Biography: Guido Fubini
6.1 Extensions to Measures
6.2 The Lebesgue-Stieltjes Integral
6.3 Product Measure Spaces
6.4 Iteration oflntegrals in Product Measure Spaces
7. ELEMENTS OF PROBABILITY
Biography: Andrei Niko/aewch Kolmogorov
7.1 The Mathematical Model for Probability
7.2 Random Variables
7.3 Expectation of Random Variables
7.4 The Law of Large Numbers
……
PART THREE. Topological, Metric, and Normed Spaces
PART FOUR. Harmonic Analysis, DynamicaISystems, and Hausdorff Measure
前言/序言
This book is about real analysis, but it is not an ordinary real analysis book. Written with the student in mind, it incorporates pedagogical techniques not often found in books at this level.
In brief, A Corse in Real Analysis is a modern graduate-level or advanced- undergraduate-level textbook about real analysis that engages its readers with motivation of key concepts, hundreds of examples, over 1300 exercises, and ap- plica.tions to probability and statistics, Fourier analysis, wavelets, measurable dynanucal 8ystems, Hausdorff measure, and fractals.
What Makes This Book Unique
A Course in, Real Analysis contains many features that are unique for a real analysis text. Here are some of those features.
Motivation of key concepts. All key concepts are motivated. The importance of and rationale behind ideas such as measurable functions, measurable sets, and Lebesgue integration are made transparent.
Detailed theoretical discuspion. Detailed proo's of most results (i.e., lem- mas, theorems, corollaries, and propositions) are provided. To fully engage the reader, proofs or parts of proofs are sometimes assigned as exercises.
Illustrative examples. Following most definitions and results, one or more examples, most of which consist of several parts, are presented that illustrate the concept or result in order to solidify it in the reader's mind and provide a concrete frame of reference.
好的,這是一份關於一本假設的、不包含《實分析教程(第2版)[A Course in Real Analysis]》內容的圖書簡介,該簡介力求詳盡且自然。 --- 圖書名稱:拓撲幾何基礎與微分流形初步 作者: [此處留空,假設為虛構作者] 齣版社: [此處留空,假設為虛構齣版社] 頁數: 約 750 頁 開本: 16 開 定價: [此處留空] --- 內容簡介:從基礎直覺到抽象結構 本書旨在為數學專業學生、物理學研究者以及對現代幾何學有深入興趣的讀者提供一套係統而嚴謹的、從拓撲學核心概念過渡到微分流形基礎理論的教材。本書的側重點在於建立清晰的幾何直覺與嚴格的拓撲結構之間的橋梁,避開瞭純粹基於度量空間或集閤論基礎的過度糾纏,而是直接聚焦於開集、緊緻性以及連續映射所定義的內在結構。 核心理念: 我們認為,理解幾何空間(無論在歐幾裏得空間內還是抽象空間中)的最佳方式,是首先掌握其“鄰域結構”和“連接性”。因此,本書將拓撲學的核心內容——點集拓撲——作為探究更高維結構(如流形)的基石,但會迅速將讀者引導至更具幾何特性的拓撲空間討論中。 第一部分:拓撲空間的構造與性質(第1章至第4章) 本部分奠定瞭全書的數學語言和基本工具箱。我們並沒有將大量篇幅投入到集閤論的細枝末節中,而是直接從拓撲空間的定義齣發,通過拓撲結構(由開集族定義)來捕捉空間中的“鄰近性”概念。 第1章:開集、閉集與基底 本章詳細介紹瞭拓撲空間的定義、子空間拓撲的誘導,以及拓撲基(Base)和局部基(Local Base)的概念。我們著重討論瞭如何利用可數基(如度量空間的可數稠密子集)來定義可數性的概念,並初步引入瞭第二可數性與可分性之間的關係。 第2章:連續性、開閉映射與同胚 函數在拓撲空間之間的推廣——連續映射——是理解結構保持轉換的關鍵。本章深入探討瞭連續性的拓撲定義,並引入瞭開映射和閉映射。同胚 (Homeomorphism) 作為拓撲學中最核心的等價關係,被放在重要位置進行辨析,讀者將通過大量實例理解為什麼拓撲性質(如連通性、緊緻性)在同胚變換下保持不變。 第3章:連通性:路徑與分支 連通性是空間整體性的度量。我們區彆討論瞭連通空間(通過開集的劃分來定義)與路徑連通空間。本書特彆關注瞭局部路徑連通性的引入,並展示瞭它如何與整體路徑連通性在特定拓撲空間(例如,移除瞭一點的連通空間)中産生微妙的差異。 第4章:緊緻性與局部緊緻性 緊緻性(Compactness)被視為一種“有限性”的抽象體現。本書遵循其經典的開復蓋定義,並推導齣其在度量空間中的等價錶述(有界閉子集)。我們詳細分析瞭乘積空間的緊緻性(Tychonoff定理,此處僅做結論性介紹,不深入其集閤論證明的細節),並重點討論瞭局部緊緻性在構造切綫空間和流形邊界時的重要性。 第二部分:結構的細化與商空間(第5章至第7章) 在掌握瞭基本拓撲工具後,本部分著手研究如何對現有空間進行“切割”和“粘貼”,以構造更復雜的拓撲結構。 第5章:分離公理的層級 本章詳細考察瞭拓撲空間如何滿足越來越強的“分離”性質,即Hausdorff性 (T2)、正則性 (T3)、T3½ (Urysohn) 以及正規性 (T4)。我們強調瞭 Hausdorff性 是後續討論微分幾何和流形理論的必要前置條件,並論證瞭緊緻子集在T2空間中必為閉集。 第6章:商拓撲的構建與應用 商空間是代數拓撲和幾何構造的核心。本章詳細講解瞭商拓撲的定義、如何將已知的拓撲性質(如連續性)從母空間傳遞到商空間,以及如何判斷一個商空間是否保持Hausdorff性。我們將商拓撲應用於經典的幾何構造,如圓周 $S^1$(通過將 $[0, 1]$ 的兩端點粘閤)。 第7章:積空間與縴維叢的雛形 積空間作為構造高維空間的自然方式,在本章得到深入分析。本書不僅停留在笛卡爾積的拓撲結構,更側重於縴維叢(Fiber Bundle)的初步概念——雖然嚴格的縴維叢理論需要微分幾何的工具,但我們在此引入瞭局部平凡性和總空間、基空間的概念,為後續流形的介紹打下基礎。 第三部分:邁嚮微分流形:拓撲流形的定義(第8章至第10章) 本書的第三部分是連接拓撲學與微分幾何的橋梁,重點在於定義和分析拓撲流形。 第8章:拓撲流形的概念 拓撲流形(Topological Manifold)的定義被精確闡述:一個局部具有 $mathbb{R}^n$ 結構的 Hausdorff 且第二可數的空間。本章的重點在於解析這些條件的幾何意義。我們通過對比 $mathbb{R}^n$、球麵 $S^n$ 和 環麵 $T^2$ 的局部結構,展示瞭 $n$ 維流形如何由圖冊 (Atlas) 和坐標變換來描述。 第9章:圖冊、坐標圖與轉移映射 圖冊的相容性是流形理論的精髓所在。本章詳細分析瞭不同坐標係之間的轉移映射 (Transition Maps)。雖然本書不引入微分結構,但我們明確指齣,轉移映射的平滑性(可微性)是定義光滑流形的必要條件。本章通過對二維流形(如球麵)的分析,展示瞭如何使用一組圖冊覆蓋整個空間而不産生結構上的矛盾。 第10章:流形的連通性與緊緻性 將拓撲性質應用於流形。我們探討瞭 n 維流形 的連通性(通常路徑連通),以及它們具有局部路徑連通性這一重要特徵。緊緻性在流形上的影響,特彆是對於高維球麵和環麵緊緻性的驗證,被作為綜閤運用前述拓撲工具的範例。 總結與展望 本書的結構旨在通過嚴格的拓撲學工具,逐步提升讀者的抽象思維能力,最終為進入微分幾何、黎曼幾何或代數拓撲的學習做好準備。它側重於空間的內在結構(鄰域、連通性、分離性)和局部的可解析性,而非依賴於歐幾裏得度量的顯式計算。讀者將獲得紮實的理論基礎,能夠清晰地區分一個空間是“可區分的”(Hausdorff)還是“可構造的”(商空間),並能準確識彆一個空間是否具備“局部歐幾裏得”的特性,從而為後續的微分計算打下堅不可摧的基石。 --- (本簡介側重於拓撲結構、流形的局部性質、開閉集、連通性、緊緻性以及商空間的構造,完全避免瞭對實數分析中的極限、收斂性、積分、測度或函數空間等內容的提及。)