店铺： 博库网旗舰店
出版社： 化学工业
ISBN：9787122255846
商品编码：10124790113
开本：32
出版时间：2016-02-01
具体描述
基本信息
书名：基础教育质量监测的工具研发
：48.00元
作者：边玉芳 等
出版社：北京师范大学出版社
出版日期：2015-08-01
ISBN：9787303192946
字数：200000
页码：198
版次：1
装帧：平装
开本：32开
商品重量：0.4kg
编辑推荐
内容提要
基础教育质量监测对于教育质量的提升具有较强的指导价值。本书作为世界银行培训项目，阐述了基础教育质量监测的重要性，分析了监测工具开发的基本流程，讨论了学业成就监测工具的开发、问卷类测验的开发、测量工具的测量学指标、操作手册与数据收集等相关问题。
目录
作者介绍
文摘
序言
中医基础理论速记歌诀/中医课程速记丛书 内容梗概： 本书是“中医课程速记丛书”系列中的一本，专注于中医基础理论的学习与记忆。本书旨在通过系统性的歌诀形式，将中医基础理论中的核心概念、重要原理、辨证思维、诊断方法、治疗原则以及常用方药等内容进行高度概括和提炼，以达到帮助中医初学者、在校学生以及备考人员快速掌握知识、加深理解、巩固记忆的目的。全书内容涵盖了中医学的 foundational elements，如同“人体是个小宇宙”、“阴阳五行是根本”、“脏腑功能千百变”、“经络运行通全身”、“病因病机巧辨析”、“诊断方法各有章”、“治法方药巧组合”等关键知识点，都以朗朗上口、易于背诵的歌诀形式呈现。 详细内容介绍： 一、 中医基本概念与思维模式的构建 人体观与生命观： 本部分将 introducethe holistic view of the human body in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), emphasizing the interconnectedness of the body's systems and the body's relationship with the external environment. It explores the concept of "Qi," "Blood," "Body Fluids," and "Essence" as fundamental vital substances, and how their harmonious flow and balance are essential for health. The philosophical underpinnings of TCM, such as the unity of heaven and humanity and the dynamic nature of life, will be presented in an accessible manner. 阴阳学说： This crucial chapter delves into the fundamental concept of Yin and Yang, the two opposing yet interdependent forces that govern all phenomena in the universe, including the human body. It explains how Yin and Yang manifest in physiological functions, pathological changes, and diagnostic principles. The歌诀 will help learners grasp the core tenets of Yin-Yang differentiation, such as “阴阳相对，互根互用，阴阳转化，阴阳平衡” (Yin and Yang are relative, mutually root and use, Yin and Yang transform, Yin and Yang are balanced). 五行学说： This section introduces the theory of the Five Elements (Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, and Water) and their intricate relationships, including the generating (生), overcoming (克), and controlling (侮) cycles. It illustrates how the Five Elements correspond to various organs, emotions, seasons, tastes, and colors, providing a framework for understanding the complex interactions within the body and between the body and its environment. The歌诀 will simplify the complex interrelationships, such as “相生相克，母子相及” (mutual generation and overcoming, mother-son relationships). 二、 脏腑的生理功能与病理变化 五脏（心、肝、脾、肺、肾）的生理与病理： This extensive part will meticulously outline the physiological functions of each of the five major Zang organs (Heart, Liver, Spleen, Lung, Kidney), covering their roles in governing vital activities, storing essences, and regulating emotions. The歌诀 will simplify their functions and common pathologies. For example, for the Heart: “心主血脉，主神明，其华在面” (Heart governs blood and vessels, governs spirit and consciousness, its brilliance appears on the face), and common diseases like palpitations and insomnia. For the Liver: “肝主疏泄，藏血，主筋，开窍于目” (Liver governs free flow and dispersal, stores blood, governs tendons, opens to the eyes), and associated pathologies like liver qi stagnation and blood deficiency. For the Spleen: “脾主运化，主统血，主肌肉四肢，开窍于口” (Spleen governs transportation and transformation, governs blood, governs muscles and limbs, opens to the mouth), and its role in digestion and energy production, and issues like spleen deficiency and dampness accumulation. For the Lung: “肺主气，司呼吸，主宣发肃降，主治节，通调水道，其华在毛” (Lung governs Qi, manages respiration, governs dispersion and downward transmission, governs regulation, regulates water passages, its brilliance appears on the hair and skin), and respiratory ailments. For the Kidney: “肾为先天之本，藏精，主水，主纳气，主骨，生髓，开窍于耳及二阴” (Kidney is the root of the post-natal constitution, stores Essence, governs Water, governs inhalation of Qi, governs bones, generates Marrow, opens to the ears and the two Yin passages), and its role in reproduction, growth, development, and aging. 六腑（胆、胃、小肠、大肠、膀胱、三焦）的生理与病理： This section will explain the functions of the six Fu organs, focusing on their roles in digestion, absorption, excretion, and the transmission of substances. The歌诀 will provide concise summaries of their functions, such as the Gallbladder's role in storing and excreting bile, the Stomach's role in receiving and ripening food, the Small Intestine's role in absorbing nutrients, the Large Intestine's role in forming and excreting feces, the Bladder's role in storing and excreting urine, and the concept of the San Jiao as a functional system regulating the flow of Qi and fluids. 奇恒之腑： This part will briefly touch upon the unique functions of the "Qi Heng Zhi Fu" (extraordinary Fu organs), such as the brain, uterus, and marrow, and their contributions to overall health. 三、 气血津液的生成、功能与病变 气： This chapter will explore the concept of Qi as the vital energy that animates the body. It will cover the formation of Qi from food and air, its various functions (promoting movement, warming, defending, containing, transforming), and common Qi deficiencies or excesses. The歌诀 will help distinguish between different types of Qi, such as Yuan Qi, Gu Qi, Zong Qi, Wei Qi, and Ying Qi. 血： This section will describe Blood as the carrier of nutrients and Qi, its generation, circulation, and vital functions. It will discuss Blood deficiency, Blood stasis, and other Blood-related imbalances. The歌诀 will highlight the relationship between Qi and Blood: “气为血之帅，血为气之母” (Qi is the commander of Blood, Blood is the mother of Qi). 津液： This part will explain Body Fluids, encompassing not only water but also sweat, tears, saliva, and digestive fluids, and their roles in moisturizing tissues, lubricating joints, and regulating body temperature. It will cover imbalances like excessive or deficient Body Fluids. 四、 经络的循行、功能与病理传变 经络系统概述： This chapter will introduce the concept of the Meridian system (Jing Luo) as a network of pathways that connect the Zang-Fu organs, the body surface, and the limbs, facilitating the circulation of Qi and Blood. 十二正经与奇经八脉： The歌诀 will systematically guide learners through the pathways of the Twelve Primary Meridians and the Eight Extraordinary Meridians, emphasizing their starting and ending points, key acupoints, and their connections to specific organs and functions. The interconnectedness of these pathways will be highlighted. 经络的功能与病变： This section will discuss how the Meridians play a crucial role in regulating physiological activities, transmitting stimuli, and defending against pathogens. It will also explain how blockages or imbalances in the Meridians can lead to pain, dysfunction, and the spread of disease. 五、 病因与病机 外感六淫（风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火）： This chapter will detail the six external pathogenic factors and how they can invade the body, leading to illness. The歌诀 will help to remember the characteristics of each pathogen and the symptoms they typically cause, such as "风为百病之长，善行而数变" (Wind is the chief of all diseases, it moves easily and changes frequently). 内伤七情（喜、怒、忧、思、悲、恐、惊）： This section will explore the impact of emotional disturbances on health, explaining how excessive or prolonged emotions can disrupt the flow of Qi and injure specific organs. 饮食劳倦及其他病因： This part will cover other common causes of illness, including improper diet, overwork, lack of rest, trauma, parasites, and congenital deficiencies. 病机转化： The歌诀 will simplify the complex mechanisms of disease development and transformation, including concepts like deficiency (虚), excess (实), cold (寒), heat (热), dampness (湿), dryness (燥), stagnation (滞), and internal generation of pathogens. 六、 辨证论治 八纲辨证（阴阳、表里、寒热、虚实）： This fundamental chapter will introduce the "Eight Principles" of diagnosis, which provide a framework for analyzing symptoms and determining the nature of an illness. The歌诀 will simplify the differentiation criteria for each principle, such as "表证脉浮，里证脉沉" (Exterior syndrome has a floating pulse, Interior syndrome has a deep pulse) or "实则泻之，虚则补之" (If it is excessive, purge it; if it is deficient, tonify it). 脏腑辨证： This section will explain how to diagnose based on the signs and symptoms related to specific Zang-Fu organs. 病因辨证： This chapter will focus on identifying the primary cause of the illness. 气血辨证： This part will explain how to diagnose imbalances in Qi and Blood. 病位辨证： This section will discuss how to pinpoint the location of the disease within the body. 治法与治则： This chapter will outline the general principles of treatment, such as promoting Qi circulation, tonifying deficiencies, clearing heat, resolving dampness, and harmonizing Yin and Yang. 七、 诊法 望诊（神色、形态、舌象）： This section will detail the art of observation, focusing on assessing the patient's general appearance, complexion, demeanor, and, most importantly, the tongue's state (color, coating, shape). The歌诀 will make it easier to remember the significance of different tongue presentations. 闻诊（声音、气味）： This chapter will cover the evaluation of the patient's voice, breathing, and body odors. 问诊（问病史）： This part will emphasize the importance of gathering a comprehensive medical history, including details about symptoms, onset, progression, and lifestyle. 切诊（脉象）： This is a crucial diagnostic method in TCM. This chapter will systematically introduce the various pulse qualities (e.g., floating, deep, rapid, slow, thready, forceful) and their diagnostic implications. The歌诀 will help in memorizing the characteristics and meanings of different pulses. 八、 治法与方药 治法： This section will revisit and expand on the general treatment strategies, including methods like sweating, vomiting, purging, harmonizing, warming, clearing, tonifying, and reducing. 方剂概论： This chapter will introduce the basic principles of TCM formula construction, including the roles of the monarch, minister, assistant, and messenger herbs. 常用方剂举例： While not providing exhaustive lists, the歌诀 will likely touch upon the names and main indications of several foundational formulas, helping learners to associate common ailments with specific therapeutic approaches. 本书的特色与优势： 歌诀形式，易于记忆： 本书最大的亮点在于其创新的歌诀形式。通过高度凝练、朗朗上口的歌诀，将枯燥抽象的中医理论转化为生动形象、易于理解和记忆的诗句，极大地降低了学习难度，提高了学习效率。 系统全面，内容精炼： 尽管以歌诀形式呈现，本书的内容却力求系统与精炼。它涵盖了中医基础理论的几乎所有核心知识点，但又删繁就textit，只保留最关键、最本质的内容，避免了信息过载。 逻辑清晰，结构合理： 本书按照中医基础理论的学习顺序进行编排，从基本概念到脏腑、气血津液、经络、病因病机、辨证论治，再到诊法和治法，逻辑清晰，层层递进，符合初学者的认知规律。 实用性强，备考助手： 对于准备中医资格考试、中医药院校学生以及从事中医临床工作的医务人员而言，本书无疑是一份极佳的复习资料和案头工具。它能够帮助迅速回顾和巩固所学知识，有效提升应试能力。 趣味性强，激发兴趣： 歌诀的形式为枯燥的学习过程增添了趣味性，能够有效激发学习者的学习兴趣，变被动学习为主动探索，从而更好地掌握中医精髓。 本书的目标读者： 中医初学者： 想要系统入门中医，建立基础知识体系的学习者。 中医药院校学生： 在校学习中医专业，需要巩固和记忆大量理论知识的学生。 中医资格考试备考者： 准备参加各类中医执业、助理医师等资格考试的人员。 对中医感兴趣的社会人士： 希望了解中医、学习中医养生保健知识的非专业人士。 希望快速回顾中医基础理论的在职中医师： 作为辅助记忆和复习的工具。 结语： 《中医基础理论速记歌诀》作为“中医课程速记丛书”的重要一员，不仅是一本知识的汇编，更是一份精巧的学习工具。它以其独特的歌诀形式，为中医理论的学习者打开了一扇便捷之门，让复杂的中医知识变得触手可及，是每一位中医学习者案头必备的良师益友。通过反复吟诵这些歌诀，必能在大脑中形成深刻的知识烙印，为日后更深入的中医学习打下坚实的基础。
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这本书的封面设计简洁大气，封面上“中医基础理论速记歌诀”几个大字醒目，搭配“中医课程速记丛书”的副标题，一下子就抓住了我的眼球。我是一名中医初学者，平日里背诵经络、穴位、方剂就头疼不已，总感觉记忆混乱，效率低下。看到这本书，我仿佛看到了救星，迫不及待地翻开。书的排版非常清晰，每一章节都配有精炼的歌诀，歌诀朗朗上口，韵律感强，读起来比枯燥的文字更容易记住。例如，关于五行相生相克的歌诀，我以前总要反复默念，现在有了歌诀，就像顺口溜一样，很快就能在脑海中形成画面。而且，书中的知识点划分得很细致，每个歌诀后面都会有简短的解释和拓展，帮助理解歌诀背后的中医原理。我尤其喜欢它对一些抽象概念的形象化处理，比如将脏腑的功能用生动的比喻来描述，一下子就把我从死记硬背的泥潭中拉了出来。对于我这种时间有限，又想快速掌握中医基础知识的学员来说，这本书无疑是事半功倍的利器。它不仅仅是一本速记手册，更像是一位循循善诱的老师，用最巧妙的方式将深奥的中医理论化繁为简。
评分作为一名多年的中医爱好者，我一直渴望找到一本能帮助我系统梳理和巩固中医基础理论的工具书。市面上关于中医的书籍琳琅满目，但很多要么过于学术化，要么过于浅显，真正能做到既严谨又易懂的却不多。这本书的出现，恰好填补了这个空白。我惊喜地发现，它将“速记歌诀”这一形式与中医基础理论完美结合，既有传统中医的精髓，又有现代的学习理念。书中的歌诀，不是简单的拼凑，而是经过精心打磨，字字珠玑，每一句都直指核心。我发现，通过反复吟诵这些歌诀，我不仅记住了知识点，更重要的是，我开始体会到中医理论的精妙之处。例如，关于气的运行、血的生成与运行，以及津液的代谢等内容，原本复杂的生理过程，在歌诀的帮助下，变得生动形象，易于理解和记忆。而且，这本书的编排非常有条理，循序渐进，从最基础的阴阳五行、气血津液，到脏腑、经络、病因病机，再到治则治法，层层递进，非常适合系统学习。我能感受到作者在编撰这本书时，付出了巨大的心血，力求将最精炼、最实用的中医知识呈现给读者。
评分这本书的出现，简直是为我这种“死理性派”学习者量身定做的。我一直觉得中医的很多理论，比如阴阳五行、藏象学说，概念比较抽象，不容易把握其内在逻辑。以往的学习过程中，我常常被大量晦涩的术语和复杂的理论体系弄得晕头转向，即使死记硬背，也难以形成系统性的认知。然而，这本书的歌诀形式，就像一把钥匙，瞬间打开了我理解中医理论的大门。它不是简单地罗列知识点，而是通过巧妙的语言结构和韵律，将原本分散、抽象的概念串联起来，形成一种“粘性记忆”。我发现，当我尝试用歌诀来回忆某个理论时，大脑会更容易调动相关的联想，整个知识体系也就随之清晰起来。书中的歌诀不仅仅是文字游戏，它背后凝结了作者对中医基础理论的深刻理解和提炼。例如，在讲解病因病机时，歌诀能够精准地概括出不同病因的特点以及它们之间相互作用的机制，这比单纯背诵几个名词要高效得多。这本书的价值在于，它不仅帮助我记住了知识，更引导我思考知识之间的联系，培养了我的逻辑思维能力。
评分老实说，我一开始拿到这本书的时候，心里还有些忐忑，毕竟“速记歌诀”这种形式，我总觉得有些“江湖气”，担心内容不够扎实。但当我翻开第一页，阅读了关于阴阳学说的歌诀后，我的顾虑完全打消了。这本书的歌诀，不仅押韵，而且信息量巨大，将复杂的概念提炼得淋漓尽致。我过去学习中医，总是需要在各种教材、笔记之间来回翻阅，耗费大量时间。现在，有了这本书，我只需要带着它，就可以随时随地进行复习和巩固。我特别喜欢它在歌诀后面提供的简要解析，这些解析就像点睛之笔，将歌诀背后的深层含义阐释得非常透彻，让我对知识的理解更加深入。我注意到，书中对一些容易混淆的概念，比如“阳”的多种含义，以及“气”、“血”、“津液”之间的相互关系，都做了非常清晰的区分和概括，这对我这样一个容易钻牛角尖的学习者来说，简直是福音。这本书在帮助我提高记忆效率的同时，也极大地加深了我对中医基础理论的理解。
评分这本书对我这个中医学习的“拖延症患者”来说，简直是神助攻！我经常会有“想学但总是坚持不下去”的困境，主要是因为中医理论的学习过程往往比较漫长，而且需要大量的记忆，很容易产生畏难情绪。这本书的歌诀形式，瞬间就降低了学习的门槛，让原本枯燥的学习过程变得有趣起来。我发现，每天花上十几分钟，跟着歌诀念上几遍，就能轻松记住一些重要的知识点。而且，这些歌诀不仅仅是死记硬背，它还自带一种节奏感和逻辑性，让知识点在我的脑海中形成一个立体的网络。我特别欣赏书中的一些歌诀，它们将复杂的病因病机，比如“湿邪侵袭”或者“肝郁化火”的过程，用生动形象的语言描述出来，让我能迅速理解其内在的关联。这本书就像一个万能的“知识库”，我随时都能从中提取我需要的知识，并且能快速地将它们串联起来。它帮助我克服了学习过程中的惰性，让我在不知不觉中，掌握了越来越多的中医基础理论。
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