幾何分析手冊(第2捲) [Handbook of Geometric Analysis(Vol.2)]

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圖書標籤:
  • 幾何分析
  • 偏微分方程
  • 調和分析
  • 復分析
  • 微分幾何
  • 拓撲學
  • 泛函分析
  • 數學分析
  • 應用數學
  • 數學手冊
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齣版社: 高等教育齣版社
ISBN:9787040288834
版次:1
商品編碼:10126581
包裝:精裝
外文名稱:Handbook of Geometric Analysis(Vol.2)
開本:16開
齣版時間:2010-04-01
用紙:銅版紙
頁數:431
字數:690000
正文語種:英語

具體描述

編輯推薦

  The launch of this Advanced Lectures in Mathematics series is aimed at keeping mathematicians informed of the latest developments in mathematics, as well as to aid in the learning of new mathematical topics by students all over the world. Each volume consists of either an expository monograph or a collection of signifi-cant introductions to important topics. This series emphasizes the history and sources of motivation for the topics under discussion, and also gives an over view of the current status of research in each particular field. These volumes are the first source to which people will turn in order to learn new subjects and to discover the latest results of many cutting-edge fields in mathematics. Geometric Analysis combines differential equations and differential geometry. Animportant aspect is to solve geometric problems by studying differential equations. Besides some known linear differential operators such as the laplace operator, many differential equations arising from differential geometry are nonlinear. Aparticularly important example is the Monge-Ampre equation. Applications to geometric problems have also motivated new methods and techniques in differential equations. The field of geometric analysis is broad and has had many striking applications. This handbook of geometric analysis provides introductions to andsurveys of important topics in geometric analysis and their applications to related fields which is intend to be referred by graduate students and researchers in related areas.

內容簡介

  Geometric Analysis combines differential equations and differential geometry. An important aspect is to solve geometric problems by studying differential equations.Besides some known linear differential operators such as the Laplace operator,many differential equations arising from differential geometry are nonlinear. A particularly important example is the IVlonge-Ampere equation; Applications to geometric problems have also motivated new methods and techniques in differen-rial equations. The field of geometric analysis is broad and has had many striking applications. This handbook of geometric analysis provides introductions to and surveys of important topics in geometric analysis and their applications to related fields which is intend to be referred by graduate students and researchers in related areas.

內頁插圖

目錄

Heat Kernels on Metric Measure Spaces with Regular Volume Growth
Alexander Griqoryan
1 Introduction
1.1 Heat kernel in Rn
1.2 Heat kernels on Riemannian manifolds
1.3 Heat kernels of fractional powers of Laplacian
1.4 Heat kernels on fractal spaces
1.5 Summary of examples
2 Abstract heat kernels
2.1 Basic definitions
2.2 The Dirichlet form
2.3 Identifying in the non-local case
2.4 Volume of balls
3 Besov spaces
3.1 Besov spaces in Rn
3.2 Besov spaces in a metric measure space
3.3 Embedding of Besov spaces into HSlder spaces.
4 The energy domain
4.1 A local case
4.2 Non-local case
4.3 Subordinated heat kernel
4.4 Bessel potential spaces
5 The walk dimension
5.1 Intrinsic characterization of the walk dimension
5.2 Inequalities for the walk dimension
6 Two-sided estimates in the local case
6.1 The Dirichlet form in subsets
6.2 Maximum principles
6.3 A tail estimate
6.4 Identifying in the local case
References
A Convexity Theorem and Reduced Delzant Spaces Bong H. Lian, Bailin Song
1 Introduction
2 Convexity of image of moment map
3 Rationality of moment polytope
4 Realizing reduced Delzant spaces
5 Classification of reduced Delzant spaces
References
Localization and some Recent Applications
Bong H. Lian, Kefeng Liu
1 Introduction
2 Localization
3 Mirror principle
4 Hori-Vafa formula
5 The Marino-Vafa Conjecture
6 Two partition formula
7 Theory of topological vertex
8 Gopakumar-Vafa conjecture and indices of elliptic operators..
9 Two proofs of the ELSV formula
10 A localization proof of the Witten conjecture
11 Final remarks
References
Gromov-Witten Invariants of Toric Calabi-Yau Threefolds Chiu-Chu Melissa Liu
1 Gromov-Witten invariants of Calabi-Yau 3-folds
1.1 Symplectic and algebraic Gromov-Witten invariants
1.2 Moduli space of stable maps
1.3 Gromov-Witten invariants of compact Calabi-Yau 3-folds
1.4 Gromov-Witten invariants of noncompact Calabi-Yau 3-folds
2 Traditional algorithm in the toric case
2.1 Localization
2.2 Hodge integrals
3 Physical theory of the topological vertex
4 Mathematical theory of the topological vertex
4.1 Locally planar trivalent graph
4.2 Formal toric Calabi-Yau (FTCY) graphs
4.3 Degeneration formula
4.4 Topological vertex "
4.5 Localization
4.6 Framing dependence
4.7 Combinatorial expression
4.8 Applications
4.9 Comparison
5 GW/DT correspondences and the topological vertex
Acknowledgments
References
Survey on Affine Spheres
John Loftin
1 Introduction
2 Affine structure equations
3 Examples
4 Two-dimensional affine spheres and Titeicas equation
5 Monge-Ampre equations and duality
6 Global classification of affine spheres
7 Hyperbolic affine spheres and invariants of convex cones
8 Projective manifolds
9 Affine manifolds
10 Affine maximal hypersurfaces
11 Affine normal flow
References
Convergence and Collapsing Theorems in Riemannian Geometry
Xiaochun Rong
Introduction
1 Gromov-Hausdorff distance in space of metric spaces
1.1 The Gromov-Hausdorff distance
1.2 Examples
1.3 An alternative formulation of GH-distance
1.4 Compact subsets of (Met, dGH)
1.5 Equivariant GH-convergence
1.6 Pointed GH-convergence
2 Smooth limits-fibrations
2.1 The fibration theorem
2.2 Sectional curvature comparison
2.3 Embedding via distance functions
2.4 Fibrations
2.5 Proof of theorem 2.1.1
2.6 Center of mass
2.7 Equivariant fibrations
2.8 Applications of the fibration theorem
3 Convergence theorems
3.1 Cheeger-Gromovs convergence theorem
3.2 Injectivity radius estimate
3.3 Some elliptic estimates
3.4 Harmonic radius estimate
3.5 Smoothing metrics
4 Singular limits-singular fibrations
4.1 Singular fibrations
4.2 Controlled homotopy structure by geometry
4.3 The ∏2-finiteness theorem
4.4 Collapsed manifolds with pinched positive sectional curvature
5 Almost flat manifolds
5.1 Gromovs theorem on almost flat manifolds
5.2 The Margulis lemma
5.3 Flat connections with small torsion
5.4 Flat connection with a parallel torsion
5.5 Proofs——part I
5.6 Proofs——part II
5.7 Refined fibration theorem
References
Geometric Transformations and Soliton Equations
Chuu-Lian Terng "
1 Introduction
2 The moving frame method for submanifolds
3 Line congruences and Backlund transforms
4 Sphere congruences and Ribaucour transforms
5 Combescure transforms, O-surfaces, and k-tuples
6 From moving frame to Lax pair
7 Soliton hierarchies constructed from symmetric spaces
8 The U-system and the Gauss-Codazzi equations
9 Loop group actions
10 Action of simple elements and geometric transforms
References
Affine Integral Geometry from a Differentiable Viewpoint
Deane Yang
1 Introduction
2 Basic definitions and notation
2.1 Linear group actions
3 Objects of study
3.1 Geometric setting
3.2 Convex body
3.3 The space of all convex bodies
3.4 Valuations
4 Overall strategy
5 Fundamental constructions
5.1 The support function
5.3 The polar body
5.4 The inverse Gauss map
5.5 The second fundamental form
5.6 The Legendre transform
5.7 The curvature function The homogeneous contour integral
6.1 Homogeneous functions and differential forms
6.2 The homogeneous contour integral for a differential form
6.3 The homogeneous contour integral for a measure
6.4 Homogeneous integral calculus
7 An explicit construction of valuations
7.1 Duality
7.2 Volume
8 Classification of valuations
9 Scalar valuations
9.1 SL(n)-invariant valuations
9.2 Hugs theorem
10 Continuous GL(n)-homogeneous valuations
10.1 Scalar valuations
10.2 Vector-valued valuations
11 Matrix-valued valuations.
11.1 The Cramer-Rao inequality
12 Homogeneous function- and convex body-valued valuations.
13 Questions
References
Classification of Fake Projective Planes
Sai-Kee Yeung
1 Introduction
2 Uniformization of fake projective planes
3 Geometric estimates on the number of fake projective planes.
4 Arithmeticity of lattices associated to fake projective planes.
5 Covolume formula of Prasad
6 Formulation of proof
7 Statements of the results
8 Further studies
References

前言/序言

  The marriage of geometry and analysis, in particular non-linear differential equations, has been very fruitful. An early deep application of geometric analysis is the celebrated solution by Shing-Tung Yau of the Calabi conjecture in 1976. In fact, Yau together with many of his collaborators developed important techniques in geometric analysis in order to solve the Calabi conjecture. Besides solving many open problems in algebraic geometry such as the Severi conjecture, the characterization of complex projective varieties, and characterization of certain Shimura varieties, the Calabi-Yau manifolds also provide the basic building blocks in the superstring theory model of the universe. Geometric analysis has also been crucial in solving many outstanding problems in low dimensional topology, for example, the Smith conjecture, and the positive mass conjecture in general relativity.
  Geometric analysis has been intensively studied and highly developed since 1970s, and it is becoming an indispensable tool for understanding many parts of mathematics. Its success also brings with it the difficulty for the uninitiated to appreciate its breadth and depth. In order to introduce both beginners and non-experts to this fascinating subject, we have decided to edit this handbook of geometric analysis. Each article is written by a leading expert in the field and will serve as both an introduction to and a survey of the topics under discussion. The handbook of geometric analysis is divided into several parts, and this volume is the second part.
  Shing-Tung Yau has been crucial to many stages of the development of geo- metric analysis. Indeed, his work has played an important role in bringing the well-deserved global recognition by the whole mathematical sciences community to the field of geometric analysis. In view of this, we would like to dedicate this handbook of geometric analysis to Shing-Tung Yau on the occasion of his sixtieth birthday.
  Summarizing the main mathematical contributions of Yau will take many pages and is probably beyond the capability of the editors. Instead, we quote several award citations on the work of Yau.
  The citation of the Veblen Prize for Yau in 1981 says: "We have rarely had the opportunity to witness the spectacle of the work of one mathematician affecting, in a short span of years, the direction of whole areas of research Few mathematicians can match Yaus achievements in depth, in impact, and in the diversity of methods and applications."
空間形態與動力學的精深探索:[您的書名] 導讀 前言:跨越維度的數學之舞 自古以來,人類對“形”與“變”的理解,便構成瞭科學與哲學進步的基石。從歐幾裏得的靜態幾何到牛頓的動態微積分,我們對空間復雜性的剖析從未停歇。本書,[您的書名],並非僅僅是對既有幾何學概念的簡單復述,而是將目光投嚮瞭現代數學最為前沿和深邃的領域——幾何分析(Geometric Analysis)。 幾何分析是一門精妙的交叉學科,它以微分幾何和拓撲學的嚴謹性為骨架,輔以偏微分方程(PDEs)的強大分析工具,旨在揭示空間結構內在的物理和拓撲屬性。如果說微分幾何提供瞭描述彎麯空間的“語言”,那麼偏微分方程就是解讀這些空間如何隨時間、能量或麯率發生演化的“語法”。本書的使命,便是為有誌於深入此領域的讀者,構建一座從基礎概念到尖端研究的堅實橋梁。 本書的深度和廣度,要求讀者具備紮實的實分析、泛函分析以及基礎微分幾何的背景知識。我們假定讀者已經熟悉流形、張量、測地綫等基本概念。在此基礎上,我們將展開對幾何分析中核心主題的係統性闡述,重點聚焦於那些定義瞭當代數學物理景觀的關鍵理論框架。 --- 第一部分:黎曼幾何的分析基石(The Analytical Foundations of Riemannian Geometry) 幾何分析的起點,必然是黎曼幾何。然而,本書對黎曼幾何的探討,其視角與純幾何學的教材截然不同。我們關注的不是構造,而是度量(Metric)在分析上的錶現及其對函數空間的影響。 1.1 麯率與熱方程的耦閤:黎曼熱核(The Riemann Heat Kernel) 在彎麯空間上,我們必須重新定義諸如拉普拉斯算子 $(Delta_g)$ 這樣的基本微分算子。本書將詳述在黎曼流形上定義熱核(Heat Kernel) $K(x, y, t)$ 的重要性。熱核不僅是分析的基石,更是連接微分幾何與概率論的橋梁。 我們將深入探討波恩-哈姆分析(Bochner-Hadamard Formula),它揭示瞭熱核的漸近展開如何精確地編碼瞭流形的局部幾何結構,特彆是裏奇麯率張量。理解熱核的局部行為,對於研究譜幾何(Spectral Geometry)至關重要,例如霍奇猜想(Hodge Conjecture)的分析方法基礎,以及魏爾(Weyl)關於特徵值分布的早期工作。 1.2 測地穩定性與變分原理(Geodesic Stability and Variational Principles) 測地綫是連接兩點“最短”的路徑,但在彎麯空間中,它們的穩定性(即相鄰測地綫的匯聚或發散速度)直接取決於黎曼麯率張量的符號。本書會利用雅可比方程(Jacobi Equation)來精確刻畫這種穩定性。 從分析的角度看,測地綫可以通過能量泛函的駐點來定義。我們詳細分析瞭指數映照(Exponential Map)的性質,並探討瞭空間測地綫(Geodesics Space)的結構,這對於理解宏觀空間結構(如CAT(k)空間)的分析性質至關重要。 --- 第二部分:橢圓型方程的幾何動力學(Elliptic Equations in Geometric Dynamics) 幾何分析的核心驅動力之一,是利用橢圓型偏微分方程來“熨平”或“平衡”一個給定的幾何對象。本部分著重於那些在幾何演化中起到穩定作用的方程。 2.1 調和映照與牛頓-蒂夫定律(Harmonic Maps and the Newton-Raphson Law) 調和映照是微分幾何中泛函最小化(特彆是狄利剋雷能量)的自然産物。對於從一個流形 $M$ 到另一個流形 $N$ 的映照 $u: M o N$,其調和能量的變分為零所定義的方程,即調和映照方程。 本書將詳細分析這些方程的正則性(Regularity)問題。對於二次能量(如麯麵嵌入),我們將介紹莫裏(Mori)和薩托(Sato)關於映照正則性的經典結果。更進一步,我們探討高維調和映照的奇點形成,以及它們在共形幾何和拓撲場論中的應用。 2.2 黎曼度量的規範選擇:龐加萊-萊夫科維奇方程(Poincaré-Lefschetz Equations) 在研究具有邊界的流形或特定的拓撲空間時,我們需要選擇一個“好的”度量。這通常涉及對規範自由度的選擇。龐加萊-萊夫科維奇方程(作為一種特定的橢圓方程)在定義相對穩定的度量結構中起到瞭關鍵作用。 我們將分析牛頓-柯爾比(Newton-Celle)在常純量麯率度量存在性上的工作,特彆是利用藤田-萊夫科維奇理論(Fukuda-Lefschetz Theory),來論證在特定拓撲條件下,局部解如何可以延拓為全局解。這部分對李群作用下的幾何對稱性有深入的討論。 --- 第三部分:演化問題與測地流(Evolution Problems and Geodesic Flows) 如果橢圓方程描述的是靜態平衡,那麼拋物綫和雙麯方程則描述瞭幾何對象隨時間的演化。本部分聚焦於基於麯率的演化方程。 3.1 幾何流的拓撲限製:裏奇流(The Ricci Flow) 裏奇流(Ricci Flow),由佩雷爾曼(Perelman)在解決龐加萊猜想中使用的核心工具,是幾何分析中最具影響力的進展之一。它是一個拋物綫型方程: $$ frac{partial g}{partial t} = -2 operatorname{Ric}(g) $$ 本書將全麵梳理裏奇流的分析技巧,包括: 1. 能量泛函的單調性:利用凱勒-裏奇流(Calabi-Yau Ricci Flow)中瑟斯頓-蒂夫(Thurston-Tiebaut)的 $W^k$ 能量構造,證明其單調性。 2. 奇點分析:如何通過等溫截麵(Canonical Folliation)或帕拉(Para)截麵來識彆和分類奇點(如縮頸、橋接)。 3. 局部到全局的延拓:佩雷爾曼的 $kappa$-收縮技術,它利用瞭熵泛函(Entropy Function)的單調性,剋服瞭傳統拋物方程局部解無法保證全局存在的難題。 3.2 平均麯率流與界麵演化(Mean Curvature Flow and Interface Evolution) 平均麯率流(Mean Curvature Flow, MCF)是描述麯麵或超麯麵如何因其局部平均麯率而演化的動力學係統。它在物理學中對應於最小化錶麵張力的過程。 我們將側重於MCF在嵌入空間的錶現。討論施泰納(Steiner)關於完備麯麵的正則性結果,以及安德烈森(Andresen)對具有非光滑邊界的麯麵的分析。重點研究法嚮速度方程的橢圓-拋物耦閤結構,以及平滑化效應(Smoothing Effect)如何防止麯麵在有限時間內形成尖銳的奇點。 --- 第四部分:規範場論與拓撲場(Gauge Theory and Topological Fields) 幾何分析的高級應用領域之一,是將物理學的規範理論與代數拓撲結構相結閤。 4.1 規範場的莫裏迭代:楊-米爾斯方程(Yang-Mills Equations) 在縴維叢上,度量信息被推廣為聯絡(Connection)。楊-米爾斯理論即是關於聯絡的麯率(用楊-米爾斯張量衡量)的非綫性演化方程。 本書將聚焦於歐幾裏得楊-米爾斯理論(Euclidean Yang-Mills Theory),它與黎曼麯麵上的希格斯叢(Higgs Bundles)緊密相關。我們將分析阿蒂亞-辛格(Atiyah-Singer)指數定理在規範場理論中的解析推導,特彆是如何利用藤川(Fujikawa)的有效作用量來研究規範場的拓撲性質。 4.2 霍奇理論與特徵譜(Hodge Theory and Characteristic Spectra) 幾何分析的終極目標之一是使用分析工具來證明拓撲猜想。德拉姆上同調(de Rham Cohomology)的分析對應物,即拉普拉斯-德拉姆算子的譜,揭示瞭流形的拓撲不變量。 我們深入探討霍奇分解,即 $L^2$ 上的上同調空間如何分解為自伴隨算子的特徵子空間。本書將展示米爾納(Milnor)關於流形上霍金輻射(Hawking Radiation)的分析模型,該模型將譜幾何中的特徵值間隙與量子場論中的信息傳遞聯係起來。 --- 結論:前沿的展望 本書的結構旨在提供一個動態的視角:幾何是分析方程的背景,而分析方程則決定瞭幾何的演化和穩定性。從黎曼熱核的局部編碼到裏奇流對空間拓撲的重塑,我們所探討的每一個主題都代錶瞭數學傢們在理解空間、時間和物質相互作用方麵所做的最深刻的嘗試。掌握這些工具,是進入微分幾何、數學物理乃至現代拓撲學研究領域不可或缺的階梯。

用戶評價

評分

作為一名長期關注數學前沿發展的愛好者,我對《幾何分析手冊(第2捲)》的齣版感到由衷的欣喜。這本書的編排和內容設計都顯得非常用心,它匯集瞭該領域內眾多頂尖學者的智慧結晶,涵蓋瞭從基礎概念到最前沿研究的廣泛內容。我特彆欣賞書中對研究方法論的探討,它不僅教授瞭“是什麼”,更著重於“怎麼做”,為讀者提供瞭寶貴的實踐指導。對於任何希望在該領域進行深入探索的學者而言,這本書無疑是一本不可或缺的參考資料。書中引用的文獻列錶也非常全麵,足以引導讀者進行更深入的學習和研究。雖然我還在細讀之中,但我已經能夠感受到這本書所蘊含的巨大能量,它將為幾何分析領域的未來發展注入新的活力,並為無數研究者提供堅實的理論支撐和靈感啓迪。

評分

最近有幸接觸到這本《幾何分析手冊(第2捲)》,不得不說,它所展現齣的學術深度和廣度令人震撼。我並非該領域的資深專傢,但憑藉著對數學基礎的興趣,我嘗試去理解書中的一些章節。即便如此,我依然能感受到作者們在組織和呈現內容時所付齣的巨大努力。書本的結構清晰,邏輯嚴謹,即使是對於一些非常抽象的概念,也能通過精妙的例子和循序漸進的推導來加以說明。我特彆欣賞書中對一些曆史背景和發展脈絡的介紹,這有助於讀者理解這些理論是如何一步步演變而來的,從而更好地把握其精髓。雖然某些部分的數學語言對我來說還有些晦澀,但我相信,隨著我對相關領域知識的進一步積纍,這本書必將成為我深入研究的強大助力。它不僅僅是一本工具書,更像是一部數學思想的史詩,記錄著幾何分析領域智慧的閃光。

評分

這本《幾何分析手冊(第2捲)》真是讓人驚喜不斷!作為一名長久以來對幾何和分析交叉領域懷有濃厚興趣的研究生,我一直在尋找一本能夠係統性地梳理最新進展、同時又能深入淺齣地講解核心概念的參考書。當我拿到這本《幾何分析手冊(第2捲)》時,立刻被其厚重而精美的裝幀所吸引,這似乎預示著裏麵蘊含著知識的寶藏。迫不及待地翻閱,我發現它果然不負眾望。雖然我還沒有深入到每一個細節,但從目錄和前幾章的瀏覽來看,書中涵蓋的主題極其廣泛且前沿,從經典的微分幾何與偏微分方程的聯係,到近年來蓬勃發展的黎曼幾何在理論物理中的應用,再到高維幾何對象上的分析工具,都得到瞭詳盡的闡述。尤其吸引我的是關於“幾何流”的部分,這部分內容在很多最新的研究論文中頻繁齣現,但缺乏係統性的教材。我期待本書能夠填補這一空白,為我提供堅實的理論基礎和豐富的研究思路。同時,書中的參考文獻也異常詳盡,這對於我進一步追溯研究源頭、瞭解學術脈絡至關重要。總而言之,這本書的齣現,無疑為我和其他幾何分析領域的探索者們提供瞭一盞明燈,我對此充滿期待。

評分

這本書,《幾何分析手冊(第2捲)》,是一本讓我感到耳目一新的作品。我是一名對數學物理交叉領域充滿好奇的本科生,常常在閱讀相關論文時遇到一些我無法完全理解的數學工具。這本書的齣現,恰好填補瞭我知識上的空白。它深入淺齣地介紹瞭許多在物理學中至關重要的幾何分析概念,比如各種麯率的計算、流形的性質以及與場論相關的數學框架。令我印象深刻的是,書中並非簡單地羅列公式,而是著重於解釋這些數學工具的幾何意義和物理含義,使得原本抽象的概念變得更加生動和直觀。我尤其贊賞書中對一些經典問題的現代解析方法,這讓我看到瞭數學工具的強大生命力。雖然書中的某些章節對我而言仍然具有挑戰性,但我堅信,通過反復研讀和思考,我能夠逐漸掌握其中的精髓,並將其應用於我自己的學習和研究中。

評分

讀完《幾何分析手冊(第2捲)》的初體驗,我感覺自己像是踏入瞭一個宏偉的數學殿堂,裏麵陳列著無數精妙絕倫的理論和證明。這本書的語言風格非常學術化,但又充滿瞭洞察力。它不僅僅是枯燥的公式堆砌,而是將深刻的幾何直覺與嚴謹的分析工具巧妙地融閤在一起。我尤其喜歡書中對某些關鍵定理的闡述,它們通常會從不同角度進行解讀,提供多種理解路徑,這對於我這種需要多維度學習的讀者來說,是非常寶貴的。書中的圖示雖然不多,但每一個都恰到好處,能夠極大地輔助理解抽象的幾何概念。我甚至發現,書中對一些看似獨立的數學分支之間的聯係進行瞭深刻的挖掘,這讓我對整個數學體係有瞭更宏觀的認識。雖然我還沒有完全消化書中的所有內容,但我已經可以預見到,它將會在我未來的學術生涯中扮演舉足輕重的角色,為我提供解決復雜問題的強大武器。

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