具体描述
编辑推荐
本书为国际贸易专业本科生的专业英语教程,因第一版深受读者欢迎,此次为第二次出版。本书为精读用书,课程的材料包括国际贸易学、市场营销、国际贸易实务中的重要内容。本书在选材上,沿袭了第一版注重专业性、信息性、趣味性、前瞻性等特点,课文多取材于英语原版书籍和论文,并兼顾中国的相关贸易信息,全面涵盖国际贸易的核心领域,包括国际贸易理论知识、国际贸易环境、国际市场营销和国际贸易操作程序等方面的内容,是在专业知识方面达到严谨和新颖,在语言知识方面实现规范和实用的一本集理论性、知识性、新颖性和实用性为一体的国际贸易英语教材。本书的学习对象是全国各大学开设的国际贸易、外贸英语专业本科层次的学生,本书同样适合各种成人教育的相关专业的学生使用,也可为外贸人员培训班和企业在岗人员培训使用。 内容简介
本书分4篇,20单元。第一篇分4单元,涉及国际贸易理论和基本概念,第二篇分4单元,涉及国际贸易环境,第三篇分6单元,涉及国际市场营销,第四篇分6单元,涉及进出口贸易实务。每单元分三部分,PartⅠ为精读材料,配有生词表和注解;PartⅡ为精读习题,前三篇注重语法和词汇,第四篇注重课堂思考;PartⅢ为拓展练习,前三篇注重阅读理解和翻译训练,第四篇注重情景对话训练。每单元最后均有因特网阅读指引和经济学名言警句,全书最后附客观题答案和生词表。本书的学习对象是全国各大学开设的国际贸易、外贸英语专业本科层次的学生,本书同样适合各种成人教育的相关专业的学生使用,也可为外贸人员培训班和企业在岗人员培训使用。 作者简介
陶菁:宁波大学商学院讲师,管理学博士,拥有15年国际贸易专业英语教学经验。
目录
Contents
Part one: Theories and Basic Knowledge of International Trade()
Unit 1
Specialization and Exchange ()
Unit 2The Structure of International Trade()
Unit 3Trade and Policies()
Unit 4Global Competition and National Competitive Advantage()
Part two: Environment of International Trade()
Unit 5Subsidies and International Trade()
Unit 6 US CHINA Trade Conflicts ()
Unit 7Global Value Chains()
Unit 8World Trade Organization()
Part three: International Marketing()
Unit 9The Nature of International Market()
Unit 10The Environment of International Marketing()
Unit 11Identifying and Choosing International Market Appropriate ()
Unit 12Export Pricing Strategies of Multinationals()
Unit 13International Business Negotiation ()
Unit 14E�睠ommerce ()
Part four: Import & Export Practice()
Unit 15Trade Terms()
Unit 16The Import & Export Process ()
Unit 17International Payment()
Unit 18International Cargo Transportation and Insurance ()
Unit 19International Contracting()
Unit 20Inspection, Claim, Force Majeure and Arbitration()
精彩书摘
Part one: Theories and Basic Knowledge of International Trade
Unit 1
Specialization and Exchange*
Resources are scare, all economic decisions involve trade�瞣ffs�盩his unit shows many of the most basic ideas of economics, such as efficiency, division of labor, comparative advantage, exchange, and the role of markets��
Tty to answer the following questions before and after reading the text:
—What is the basis for trade?
—How are gains from trade generated?
—How large are the gains and how are they divided among the trading nations?
—What commodities are traded and which commodities are exported and imported by each nation?
PartⅠ Text
The three coordination tasks of any economy
In deciding how to allocate its scarce resources, every society must somehow make three sorts of decisions:
�r First, as we have emphasized, it must figure out how to utilize its resources efficiently; that is, it must find a way to reach its production possibilities frontier��
�r Second, it must decide which of the possible combinations of goods to produce—how many missiles, automobiles, and so on; that is, it must select one specific point on the production possibilities frontier��
�r Third, it must decide how much of the total output of each good to distribute to each person, doing so in a sensible way that does not assign meat to vegetarians and wine to teetotalers��
Societies can and do make each of these decisions—which economists often refer to as how, what, and to whom—in many ways�盕or example, a central planner may tell people how to produce, what to produce, and what to consume, as the authorities used to do, at least to some extent, in the former Soviet Union�盉ut in a market economy, no one group or individual makes all such resource allocation decisions explicitly�盧ather, consumer demands and production costs allocate resources automatically and anonymously through a system of prices and markets�盇s the formerly socialist countries learned, markets do an impressively effective job in carrying out these tasks�盩o see how markets can do all this, let�餾 consider each task in turn��
The wonders of division of labor
Adam Smith, the founder of modern economics, first marveled at how division of labor raises efficiency and productivity when he visited a pin factory�盜n a famous passage near the beginning of his monumental book, The Wealth of Nations (1776), he described what he saw:
One man draws out the wire, another straightens it, a third cuts it, a fourth points it, a fifth grinds it at the top for receiving the head�盩o make the head requires two or three distinct operations; to put it on is a peculiar business, to whiten the pins is another; it is even a trade by itself to put them into the paper��
Smith observed that by dividing the work to be done in this way, each worker became quite skilled in a particular specialty, and the productivity of the group of workers as a whole was greatly enhanced�盇s Smith related it:
I have seen a small manufactory of this kind where ten men only were employed…Those ten persons…could make among them upwards of forty�瞖ight thousand pins in a day…But if they had all wrought separately and independently…they certainly could not each of them have made twenty, perhaps not one pin in a day��
In other words, through the miracle of division of labor and specialization, the workers accomplished what might otherwise have required thousands�盩his was one of the secrets of the Industrial Revolution, which helped lift humanity out of the abject poverty that had been its lot for centuries��
The amazing principle of comparative advantage
But specialization in production fosters efficiency in an even more profound sense�盇dam Smith noticed that how goods are produced can make a huge difference to productivity�盉ut so can which goods are produced�盩he reason is that people (and businesses, and nations)have different abilities�盨ome can repair automobiles, whereas others are wizards with numbers�盨ome are handy with computers, and others can cook�盇n economy will be most efficient if people specialize in doing what they do best and then trade with one another, so that the accountant gets her car repaired and the computer programmer gets to eat tasty and nutritious meals��
This much is obvious�盬hat is less obvious—and is one of the great ideas of economics—is that two people (or two businesses, or two countries)can generally gain from trade even if one of them is more efficient than the other in producing everything�盇 simple example will help explain why��
Some lawyer can type better than their administrative assistants�盨hould such a lawyer fire her assistant and do her own typing? Not likely�盓ven though the lawyer may type better than the assistant, good judgment tells her to concentrate on practicing law and leave the typing to a lower�瞤aid assistant�盬hy? Because the opportunity cost of an hour devoted to typing is an hour less time spent with clients, which is a far more lucrative activity��
This example illustrates the principle of comparative advantage at work�盩he lawyer specializes in arguing cases despite her advantage as a typist because she has a still greater advantage as an attorney�盨he suffers some direct loss by leaving the typing to a less�瞖fficient employee, but she makes up more than that loss by the income she earns selling her legal services to clients��
Precisely the same principle applies to nations�盋omparative advantage underlies the economic analysis of international trade patterns�盇 country that is particularly adept at producing certain items—such as aircraft manufacturing in the United States, coffee growing in Brazil, and oil extraction in Saudi Arabia—should specialize in those activities, producing more than it wants for its own use�盩he country can then take the money it earns from its exports and purchase from other nations items that it does not make for itself��
The underlying logic is precisely the same as in our lawyer�瞭ypist example�盩he United States might, for example, be better than Japan at manufacturing both computers and television sets�盉ut if the United States is vastly more efficient at producing computers, but only slightly more efficient at making TV sets, it pays for the United States to specialize in computer manufacture, for Japan to specialize in TV production, and for the two countries to trade��
This principle, called the law of comparative advantage, was discovered by David Ricardo, one of the giants in the history of economic analysis, almost 200 years ago.��
前言/序言
再版前言
国际贸易英语训练需要分门别类方能学以致用,出于教学需要,我们一直在为经贸类研习者与从业者寻找一本合适的精读教材,以满足综合分析贸易经济问题的需要。本书为精读用书,课程的材料包括国际贸易学、市场营销、国际贸易实务中的重要内容。
《国际贸易专业英语》自2008年起,在各院校经济类专业得到普遍使用,受到师生的广泛认同,不少院校连续至今使用该书,我们还发现,一些贸易与经贸谈判从业者把此书作为泛读材料以提高综合分析能力,2010年本书被评为宁波大学优秀教材之一。第一版面世不久后,我们就开始准备第二版的修订和出版准备工作,期间我们收到了众多师生以及经贸实践者所提出的宝贵意见,今天,修订版终于面世,在此我们对使用和关心本书的读者表示诚挚的感谢。
本书在选材上,沿袭了第一版注重专业性、信息性、趣味性、前瞻性等特点,撤换了第一版第8、第15单元的课文内容及其课后习题;修改了第一版中各单元的错误与疏漏,并对部分习题和答案做出更新。本书课文多取材于英语原版书籍和论文,并兼顾中国的相关贸易信息,全面涵盖国际贸易的核心领域,包括国际贸易理论知识、国际贸易环境、国际市场营销和国际贸易操作程序等方面的内容,力求在专业知识方面达到严谨和新颖,在语言知识方面实现规范和实用,成为一本集理论性、知识性、新颖性和实用性为一体的国际贸易英语教材。
每单元分三部分,PartⅠ为包括背景介绍、课文、生词等部分,PartⅡ为课文习题,前三篇注重语法和词汇,第四篇注重课堂思考,PartⅢ为拓展练习。本书练习形式多样,前三篇注重阅读理解和翻译训练,第四篇注重情景对话训练。每单元最后均有名言警句和因特网阅读指引,全书最后附客观题答案和生词表。本教材大纲由陶菁撰写,第1至第8单元由陶菁编写,第9至第14单元由李菁编写,第15至第20单元由汪婷编写。
阅读、理解、分析、组织能力是经济领域写作与深度谈判的基础。本教材内容多节选自国外原版书刊和论文,既有理论阐述也有专题评述,课后分析与讨论等习题皆围绕提高学习者在国际贸易与经济理论与实践领域的阅读理解能力与分析能力及语言组织能力而展开。精读学习虽不能立竿见影,但实为基本功训练的重点,学习者需有执着精神,通过坚持训练以达到学习目的。
本书的对象是经贸类学生、有需要分析与交流国际贸易与经济问题的研习者、有需要进行深度商务沟通的经贸从业者和经贸谈判人员等。对全日制学生,建议学习时间为每周2~3课时,两周完成一章学习;对于自学者,建议将每章的学习时间集中控制在一周以内。本书主要用途为精读教材,但也可作为经贸从业者的泛读材料。
《国际贸易专业英语(第2版)》内容简介 本书旨在为国际贸易领域的从业者、学习者以及对此领域感兴趣的读者提供全面、系统且实用的专业英语知识。全书共分为十个章节,涵盖了国际贸易的各个核心环节,并针对每个环节所需的专业词汇、表达方式和商务沟通技巧进行了深入的讲解和训练。 第一章 国际贸易概述与基础术语 本章首先勾勒出国际贸易的宏观图景,介绍其重要性、发展趋势以及基本原则。接着,系统梳理了国际贸易中最基础、最核心的通用术语,例如:进出口(import/export)、贸易顺差/逆差(trade surplus/deficit)、关税(tariff)、配额(quota)、自由贸易区(free trade zone)、世界贸易组织(WTO)等。通过对这些基础术语的准确理解和运用,为后续章节的学习奠定坚实基础。 第二章 国际货物买卖合同 本章聚焦于国际货物买卖合同的各个要素,这是国际贸易的核心法律文件。内容包括合同的订立(formation)、条款(terms and conditions)的构成,如:标的物(goods)、数量(quantity)、质量(quality)、价格(price)、付款方式(payment terms)、交货方式(delivery terms)、检验(inspection)、保险(insurance)、争议解决(dispute resolution)等。此外,还详细讲解了不同类型的贸易术语(Incoterms),如FOB(Free On Board)、CIF(Cost, Insurance, Freight)、EXW(Ex Works)等,以及它们在合同中的具体含义和责任划分。 第三章 国际支付与结算 本章深入探讨国际贸易中的支付与结算方式,这是保障交易顺利进行的关键环节。内容涵盖了多种常用的支付工具,包括:信用证(Letter of Credit, L/C),并重点讲解了其种类(如即期信用证、远期信用证、可转让信用证等)、开证、审单、付款等流程;托收(Collection),包括付款交单(Documents against Payment, D/P)和承兑交单(Documents against Acceptance, D/A);汇款(Remittance)等。同时,还介绍了与支付相关的专业术语,如:汇票(Bill of Exchange)、本票(Promissory Note)、支票(Cheque)以及电汇(Telegraphic Transfer, T/T)等。 第四章 国际运输与保险 本章详细阐述了国际货物运输的各个方面,以及运输过程中风险的规避。内容包括:运输方式的选择(sea, air, land, multimodal transport),海运(ocean freight)的关键术语如:提单(Bill of Lading, B/L)的种类、性质和作用;空运(air freight)的特点和术语;陆运(land transport)的流程;以及多式联运(multimodal transport)的优势。在保险方面,则着重讲解了海洋运输保险(marine cargo insurance)的险种,如:一切险(All Risks)、水渍险(Particular Average)、战争险(War Risks)、罢工险(Strikes, Riots and Civil Commotions, SR&CC)等,以及保险合同的订立和索赔流程。 第五章 报关与检验检疫 本章聚焦于进出口贸易中的关键程序——报关(customs declaration)和检验检疫(inspection and quarantine)。内容包括:报关所需文件(customs documents)的准备,如:报关单(customs declaration form)、发票(invoice)、装箱单(packing list)、原产地证明(certificate of origin)等;海关程序(customs procedures)的介绍,如:申报、查验、征税、放行等;以及不同国家和地区的海关规定(customs regulations)。在检验检疫方面,则详细介绍商品检验(commodity inspection)的程序、标准和作用,以及动植物检疫(phytosanitary and sanitary inspection)的要求。 第六章 国际市场营销与推广 本章将视角转向国际市场的开拓与客户的维系。内容涵盖了国际市场调研(international market research)、目标市场选择(target market selection)、产品定位(product positioning)、品牌建设(brand building)以及国际营销策略(international marketing strategy)的制定。此外,还重点讲解了在国际商务沟通中,如何进行有效的销售洽谈(sales negotiation)、推销(promotion)和广告(advertising),以及如何利用各种营销渠道(marketing channels)拓展业务。 第七章 商务函电与沟通 本章是提升国际商务沟通能力的实用指南。内容包括:商务信函(business letters)的格式、规范和常用表达,如:询盘(inquiry)、报盘(quotation)、订货(order)、索赔(claim)、投诉(complaint)等;电子邮件(email)的撰写技巧,强调清晰、简洁、专业的表达;以及商务电话(business calls)的沟通礼仪和技巧。同时,还提供了大量不同场景下的商务函电范例,供读者模仿和学习。 第八章 商务谈判技巧 本章旨在培养读者的国际商务谈判能力。内容详细分析了商务谈判的各个阶段,包括:准备阶段(preparation),如:明确谈判目标(negotiation objectives)、研究对方(researching the counterpart)、制定谈判策略(developing negotiation strategies);谈判进行阶段(negotiation process),讲解了开局(opening)、议价(bargaining)、让步(concession)、僵局打破(breaking the deadlock)等技巧;以及谈判结束阶段(closing the negotiation)。此外,还探讨了不同文化背景下的谈判风格差异,帮助读者更好地应对跨文化谈判。 第九章 商务礼仪与跨文化沟通 本章强调在国际贸易中,理解和运用恰当的商务礼仪(business etiquette)以及进行有效的跨文化沟通(cross-cultural communication)的重要性。内容包括:不同国家和地区的商务交往习俗,如:称谓(address)、问候(greeting)、送礼(gift-giving)、餐桌礼仪(dining etiquette)等;在会议(meetings)、商务拜访(business visits)和社交活动(social events)中的行为规范;以及如何理解和尊重不同文化背景下的价值观(values)、沟通方式(communication styles)和决策模式(decision-making patterns),避免因文化差异而产生的误解和冲突。 第十章 国际贸易中的常见问题与案例分析 本章通过分析一系列真实的国际贸易案例(case studies),帮助读者巩固所学知识,并学习如何识别和解决国际贸易中可能遇到的各种问题。案例涵盖合同履行中的纠纷(contractual disputes)、支付风险(payment risks)、运输延误(transportation delays)、海关障碍(customs obstacles)等。通过对案例的深入剖析,引导读者运用所学的专业英语词汇和商务知识,分析问题根源,提出切实可行的解决方案。 本书结构清晰,内容翔实,语言地道,例证丰富,既注重理论知识的系统讲解,又强调实践应用能力的培养。通过学习本书,读者将能够熟练运用国际贸易专业英语进行各项商务活动,提升在国际贸易领域的专业素养和职业竞争力。