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本書為國際貿易專業本科生的專業英語教程,因第一版深受讀者歡迎,此次為第二次齣版。本書為精讀用書,課程的材料包括國際貿易學、市場營銷、國際貿易實務中的重要內容。本書在選材上,沿襲瞭第一版注重專業性、信息性、趣味性、前瞻性等特點,課文多取材於英語原版書籍和論文,並兼顧中國的相關貿易信息,全麵涵蓋國際貿易的核心領域,包括國際貿易理論知識、國際貿易環境、國際市場營銷和國際貿易操作程序等方麵的內容,是在專業知識方麵達到嚴謹和新穎,在語言知識方麵實現規範和實用的一本集理論性、知識性、新穎性和實用性為一體的國際貿易英語教材。本書的學習對象是全國各大學開設的國際貿易、外貿英語專業本科層次的學生,本書同樣適閤各種成人教育的相關專業的學生使用,也可為外貿人員培訓班和企業在崗人員培訓使用。
內容簡介
本書分4篇,20單元。第一篇分4單元,涉及國際貿易理論和基本概念,第二篇分4單元,涉及國際貿易環境,第三篇分6單元,涉及國際市場營銷,第四篇分6單元,涉及進齣口貿易實務。每單元分三部分,PartⅠ為精讀材料,配有生詞錶和注解;PartⅡ為精讀習題,前三篇注重語法和詞匯,第四篇注重課堂思考;PartⅢ為拓展練習,前三篇注重閱讀理解和翻譯訓練,第四篇注重情景對話訓練。每單元最後均有因特網閱讀指引和經濟學名言警句,全書最後附客觀題答案和生詞錶。本書的學習對象是全國各大學開設的國際貿易、外貿英語專業本科層次的學生,本書同樣適閤各種成人教育的相關專業的學生使用,也可為外貿人員培訓班和企業在崗人員培訓使用。
作者簡介
陶菁:寜波大學商學院講師,管理學博士,擁有15年國際貿易專業英語教學經驗。
目錄
Contents
Part one: Theories and Basic Knowledge of International Trade()
Unit 1
Specialization and Exchange ()
Unit 2The Structure of International Trade()
Unit 3Trade and Policies()
Unit 4Global Competition and National Competitive Advantage()
Part two: Environment of International Trade()
Unit 5Subsidies and International Trade()
Unit 6 US CHINA Trade Conflicts ()
Unit 7Global Value Chains()
Unit 8World Trade Organization()
Part three: International Marketing()
Unit 9The Nature of International Market()
Unit 10The Environment of International Marketing()
Unit 11Identifying and Choosing International Market Appropriate ()
Unit 12Export Pricing Strategies of Multinationals()
Unit 13International Business Negotiation ()
Unit 14E�睠ommerce ()
Part four: Import & Export Practice()
Unit 15Trade Terms()
Unit 16The Import & Export Process ()
Unit 17International Payment()
Unit 18International Cargo Transportation and Insurance ()
Unit 19International Contracting()
Unit 20Inspection, Claim, Force Majeure and Arbitration()
精彩書摘
Part one: Theories and Basic Knowledge of International Trade
Unit 1
Specialization and Exchange*
Resources are scare, all economic decisions involve trade�瞣ffs�盩his unit shows many of the most basic ideas of economics, such as efficiency, division of labor, comparative advantage, exchange, and the role of markets��
Tty to answer the following questions before and after reading the text:
—What is the basis for trade?
—How are gains from trade generated?
—How large are the gains and how are they divided among the trading nations?
—What commodities are traded and which commodities are exported and imported by each nation?
PartⅠ Text
The three coordination tasks of any economy
In deciding how to allocate its scarce resources, every society must somehow make three sorts of decisions:
�r First, as we have emphasized, it must figure out how to utilize its resources efficiently; that is, it must find a way to reach its production possibilities frontier��
�r Second, it must decide which of the possible combinations of goods to produce—how many missiles, automobiles, and so on; that is, it must select one specific point on the production possibilities frontier��
�r Third, it must decide how much of the total output of each good to distribute to each person, doing so in a sensible way that does not assign meat to vegetarians and wine to teetotalers��
Societies can and do make each of these decisions—which economists often refer to as how, what, and to whom—in many ways�盕or example, a central planner may tell people how to produce, what to produce, and what to consume, as the authorities used to do, at least to some extent, in the former Soviet Union�盉ut in a market economy, no one group or individual makes all such resource allocation decisions explicitly�盧ather, consumer demands and production costs allocate resources automatically and anonymously through a system of prices and markets�盇s the formerly socialist countries learned, markets do an impressively effective job in carrying out these tasks�盩o see how markets can do all this, let�餾 consider each task in turn��
The wonders of division of labor
Adam Smith, the founder of modern economics, first marveled at how division of labor raises efficiency and productivity when he visited a pin factory�盜n a famous passage near the beginning of his monumental book, The Wealth of Nations (1776), he described what he saw:
One man draws out the wire, another straightens it, a third cuts it, a fourth points it, a fifth grinds it at the top for receiving the head�盩o make the head requires two or three distinct operations; to put it on is a peculiar business, to whiten the pins is another; it is even a trade by itself to put them into the paper��
Smith observed that by dividing the work to be done in this way, each worker became quite skilled in a particular specialty, and the productivity of the group of workers as a whole was greatly enhanced�盇s Smith related it:
I have seen a small manufactory of this kind where ten men only were employed…Those ten persons…could make among them upwards of forty�瞖ight thousand pins in a day…But if they had all wrought separately and independently…they certainly could not each of them have made twenty, perhaps not one pin in a day��
In other words, through the miracle of division of labor and specialization, the workers accomplished what might otherwise have required thousands�盩his was one of the secrets of the Industrial Revolution, which helped lift humanity out of the abject poverty that had been its lot for centuries��
The amazing principle of comparative advantage
But specialization in production fosters efficiency in an even more profound sense�盇dam Smith noticed that how goods are produced can make a huge difference to productivity�盉ut so can which goods are produced�盩he reason is that people (and businesses, and nations)have different abilities�盨ome can repair automobiles, whereas others are wizards with numbers�盨ome are handy with computers, and others can cook�盇n economy will be most efficient if people specialize in doing what they do best and then trade with one another, so that the accountant gets her car repaired and the computer programmer gets to eat tasty and nutritious meals��
This much is obvious�盬hat is less obvious—and is one of the great ideas of economics—is that two people (or two businesses, or two countries)can generally gain from trade even if one of them is more efficient than the other in producing everything�盇 simple example will help explain why��
Some lawyer can type better than their administrative assistants�盨hould such a lawyer fire her assistant and do her own typing? Not likely�盓ven though the lawyer may type better than the assistant, good judgment tells her to concentrate on practicing law and leave the typing to a lower�瞤aid assistant�盬hy? Because the opportunity cost of an hour devoted to typing is an hour less time spent with clients, which is a far more lucrative activity��
This example illustrates the principle of comparative advantage at work�盩he lawyer specializes in arguing cases despite her advantage as a typist because she has a still greater advantage as an attorney�盨he suffers some direct loss by leaving the typing to a less�瞖fficient employee, but she makes up more than that loss by the income she earns selling her legal services to clients��
Precisely the same principle applies to nations�盋omparative advantage underlies the economic analysis of international trade patterns�盇 country that is particularly adept at producing certain items—such as aircraft manufacturing in the United States, coffee growing in Brazil, and oil extraction in Saudi Arabia—should specialize in those activities, producing more than it wants for its own use�盩he country can then take the money it earns from its exports and purchase from other nations items that it does not make for itself��
The underlying logic is precisely the same as in our lawyer�瞭ypist example�盩he United States might, for example, be better than Japan at manufacturing both computers and television sets�盉ut if the United States is vastly more efficient at producing computers, but only slightly more efficient at making TV sets, it pays for the United States to specialize in computer manufacture, for Japan to specialize in TV production, and for the two countries to trade��
This principle, called the law of comparative advantage, was discovered by David Ricardo, one of the giants in the history of economic analysis, almost 200 years ago.��
前言/序言
再版前言
國際貿易英語訓練需要分門彆類方能學以緻用,齣於教學需要,我們一直在為經貿類研習者與從業者尋找一本閤適的精讀教材,以滿足綜閤分析貿易經濟問題的需要。本書為精讀用書,課程的材料包括國際貿易學、市場營銷、國際貿易實務中的重要內容。
《國際貿易專業英語》自2008年起,在各院校經濟類專業得到普遍使用,受到師生的廣泛認同,不少院校連續至今使用該書,我們還發現,一
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