具體描述
編輯推薦
本書為國際貿易專業本科生的專業英語教程,因第一版深受讀者歡迎,此次為第二次齣版。本書為精讀用書,課程的材料包括國際貿易學、市場營銷、國際貿易實務中的重要內容。本書在選材上,沿襲瞭第一版注重專業性、信息性、趣味性、前瞻性等特點,課文多取材於英語原版書籍和論文,並兼顧中國的相關貿易信息,全麵涵蓋國際貿易的核心領域,包括國際貿易理論知識、國際貿易環境、國際市場營銷和國際貿易操作程序等方麵的內容,是在專業知識方麵達到嚴謹和新穎,在語言知識方麵實現規範和實用的一本集理論性、知識性、新穎性和實用性為一體的國際貿易英語教材。本書的學習對象是全國各大學開設的國際貿易、外貿英語專業本科層次的學生,本書同樣適閤各種成人教育的相關專業的學生使用,也可為外貿人員培訓班和企業在崗人員培訓使用。 內容簡介
本書分4篇,20單元。第一篇分4單元,涉及國際貿易理論和基本概念,第二篇分4單元,涉及國際貿易環境,第三篇分6單元,涉及國際市場營銷,第四篇分6單元,涉及進齣口貿易實務。每單元分三部分,PartⅠ為精讀材料,配有生詞錶和注解;PartⅡ為精讀習題,前三篇注重語法和詞匯,第四篇注重課堂思考;PartⅢ為拓展練習,前三篇注重閱讀理解和翻譯訓練,第四篇注重情景對話訓練。每單元最後均有因特網閱讀指引和經濟學名言警句,全書最後附客觀題答案和生詞錶。本書的學習對象是全國各大學開設的國際貿易、外貿英語專業本科層次的學生,本書同樣適閤各種成人教育的相關專業的學生使用,也可為外貿人員培訓班和企業在崗人員培訓使用。 作者簡介
陶菁:寜波大學商學院講師,管理學博士,擁有15年國際貿易專業英語教學經驗。
目錄
Contents
Part one: Theories and Basic Knowledge of International Trade()
Unit 1
Specialization and Exchange ()
Unit 2The Structure of International Trade()
Unit 3Trade and Policies()
Unit 4Global Competition and National Competitive Advantage()
Part two: Environment of International Trade()
Unit 5Subsidies and International Trade()
Unit 6 US CHINA Trade Conflicts ()
Unit 7Global Value Chains()
Unit 8World Trade Organization()
Part three: International Marketing()
Unit 9The Nature of International Market()
Unit 10The Environment of International Marketing()
Unit 11Identifying and Choosing International Market Appropriate ()
Unit 12Export Pricing Strategies of Multinationals()
Unit 13International Business Negotiation ()
Unit 14E�睠ommerce ()
Part four: Import & Export Practice()
Unit 15Trade Terms()
Unit 16The Import & Export Process ()
Unit 17International Payment()
Unit 18International Cargo Transportation and Insurance ()
Unit 19International Contracting()
Unit 20Inspection, Claim, Force Majeure and Arbitration()
精彩書摘
Part one: Theories and Basic Knowledge of International Trade
Unit 1
Specialization and Exchange*
Resources are scare, all economic decisions involve trade�瞣ffs�盩his unit shows many of the most basic ideas of economics, such as efficiency, division of labor, comparative advantage, exchange, and the role of markets��
Tty to answer the following questions before and after reading the text:
—What is the basis for trade?
—How are gains from trade generated?
—How large are the gains and how are they divided among the trading nations?
—What commodities are traded and which commodities are exported and imported by each nation?
PartⅠ Text
The three coordination tasks of any economy
In deciding how to allocate its scarce resources, every society must somehow make three sorts of decisions:
�r First, as we have emphasized, it must figure out how to utilize its resources efficiently; that is, it must find a way to reach its production possibilities frontier��
�r Second, it must decide which of the possible combinations of goods to produce—how many missiles, automobiles, and so on; that is, it must select one specific point on the production possibilities frontier��
�r Third, it must decide how much of the total output of each good to distribute to each person, doing so in a sensible way that does not assign meat to vegetarians and wine to teetotalers��
Societies can and do make each of these decisions—which economists often refer to as how, what, and to whom—in many ways�盕or example, a central planner may tell people how to produce, what to produce, and what to consume, as the authorities used to do, at least to some extent, in the former Soviet Union�盉ut in a market economy, no one group or individual makes all such resource allocation decisions explicitly�盧ather, consumer demands and production costs allocate resources automatically and anonymously through a system of prices and markets�盇s the formerly socialist countries learned, markets do an impressively effective job in carrying out these tasks�盩o see how markets can do all this, let�餾 consider each task in turn��
The wonders of division of labor
Adam Smith, the founder of modern economics, first marveled at how division of labor raises efficiency and productivity when he visited a pin factory�盜n a famous passage near the beginning of his monumental book, The Wealth of Nations (1776), he described what he saw:
One man draws out the wire, another straightens it, a third cuts it, a fourth points it, a fifth grinds it at the top for receiving the head�盩o make the head requires two or three distinct operations; to put it on is a peculiar business, to whiten the pins is another; it is even a trade by itself to put them into the paper��
Smith observed that by dividing the work to be done in this way, each worker became quite skilled in a particular specialty, and the productivity of the group of workers as a whole was greatly enhanced�盇s Smith related it:
I have seen a small manufactory of this kind where ten men only were employed…Those ten persons…could make among them upwards of forty�瞖ight thousand pins in a day…But if they had all wrought separately and independently…they certainly could not each of them have made twenty, perhaps not one pin in a day��
In other words, through the miracle of division of labor and specialization, the workers accomplished what might otherwise have required thousands�盩his was one of the secrets of the Industrial Revolution, which helped lift humanity out of the abject poverty that had been its lot for centuries��
The amazing principle of comparative advantage
But specialization in production fosters efficiency in an even more profound sense�盇dam Smith noticed that how goods are produced can make a huge difference to productivity�盉ut so can which goods are produced�盩he reason is that people (and businesses, and nations)have different abilities�盨ome can repair automobiles, whereas others are wizards with numbers�盨ome are handy with computers, and others can cook�盇n economy will be most efficient if people specialize in doing what they do best and then trade with one another, so that the accountant gets her car repaired and the computer programmer gets to eat tasty and nutritious meals��
This much is obvious�盬hat is less obvious—and is one of the great ideas of economics—is that two people (or two businesses, or two countries)can generally gain from trade even if one of them is more efficient than the other in producing everything�盇 simple example will help explain why��
Some lawyer can type better than their administrative assistants�盨hould such a lawyer fire her assistant and do her own typing? Not likely�盓ven though the lawyer may type better than the assistant, good judgment tells her to concentrate on practicing law and leave the typing to a lower�瞤aid assistant�盬hy? Because the opportunity cost of an hour devoted to typing is an hour less time spent with clients, which is a far more lucrative activity��
This example illustrates the principle of comparative advantage at work�盩he lawyer specializes in arguing cases despite her advantage as a typist because she has a still greater advantage as an attorney�盨he suffers some direct loss by leaving the typing to a less�瞖fficient employee, but she makes up more than that loss by the income she earns selling her legal services to clients��
Precisely the same principle applies to nations�盋omparative advantage underlies the economic analysis of international trade patterns�盇 country that is particularly adept at producing certain items—such as aircraft manufacturing in the United States, coffee growing in Brazil, and oil extraction in Saudi Arabia—should specialize in those activities, producing more than it wants for its own use�盩he country can then take the money it earns from its exports and purchase from other nations items that it does not make for itself��
The underlying logic is precisely the same as in our lawyer�瞭ypist example�盩he United States might, for example, be better than Japan at manufacturing both computers and television sets�盉ut if the United States is vastly more efficient at producing computers, but only slightly more efficient at making TV sets, it pays for the United States to specialize in computer manufacture, for Japan to specialize in TV production, and for the two countries to trade��
This principle, called the law of comparative advantage, was discovered by David Ricardo, one of the giants in the history of economic analysis, almost 200 years ago.��
前言/序言
再版前言
國際貿易英語訓練需要分門彆類方能學以緻用,齣於教學需要,我們一直在為經貿類研習者與從業者尋找一本閤適的精讀教材,以滿足綜閤分析貿易經濟問題的需要。本書為精讀用書,課程的材料包括國際貿易學、市場營銷、國際貿易實務中的重要內容。
《國際貿易專業英語》自2008年起,在各院校經濟類專業得到普遍使用,受到師生的廣泛認同,不少院校連續至今使用該書,我們還發現,一些貿易與經貿談判從業者把此書作為泛讀材料以提高綜閤分析能力,2010年本書被評為寜波大學優秀教材之一。第一版麵世不久後,我們就開始準備第二版的修訂和齣版準備工作,期間我們收到瞭眾多師生以及經貿實踐者所提齣的寶貴意見,今天,修訂版終於麵世,在此我們對使用和關心本書的讀者錶示誠摯的感謝。
本書在選材上,沿襲瞭第一版注重專業性、信息性、趣味性、前瞻性等特點,撤換瞭第一版第8、第15單元的課文內容及其課後習題;修改瞭第一版中各單元的錯誤與疏漏,並對部分習題和答案做齣更新。本書課文多取材於英語原版書籍和論文,並兼顧中國的相關貿易信息,全麵涵蓋國際貿易的核心領域,包括國際貿易理論知識、國際貿易環境、國際市場營銷和國際貿易操作程序等方麵的內容,力求在專業知識方麵達到嚴謹和新穎,在語言知識方麵實現規範和實用,成為一本集理論性、知識性、新穎性和實用性為一體的國際貿易英語教材。
每單元分三部分,PartⅠ為包括背景介紹、課文、生詞等部分,PartⅡ為課文習題,前三篇注重語法和詞匯,第四篇注重課堂思考,PartⅢ為拓展練習。本書練習形式多樣,前三篇注重閱讀理解和翻譯訓練,第四篇注重情景對話訓練。每單元最後均有名言警句和因特網閱讀指引,全書最後附客觀題答案和生詞錶。本教材大綱由陶菁撰寫,第1至第8單元由陶菁編寫,第9至第14單元由李菁編寫,第15至第20單元由汪婷編寫。
閱讀、理解、分析、組織能力是經濟領域寫作與深度談判的基礎。本教材內容多節選自國外原版書刊和論文,既有理論闡述也有專題評述,課後分析與討論等習題皆圍繞提高學習者在國際貿易與經濟理論與實踐領域的閱讀理解能力與分析能力及語言組織能力而展開。精讀學習雖不能立竿見影,但實為基本功訓練的重點,學習者需有執著精神,通過堅持訓練以達到學習目的。
本書的對象是經貿類學生、有需要分析與交流國際貿易與經濟問題的研習者、有需要進行深度商務溝通的經貿從業者和經貿談判人員等。對全日製學生,建議學習時間為每周2~3課時,兩周完成一章學習;對於自學者,建議將每章的學習時間集中控製在一周以內。本書主要用途為精讀教材,但也可作為經貿從業者的泛讀材料。
《國際貿易專業英語(第2版)》內容簡介 本書旨在為國際貿易領域的從業者、學習者以及對此領域感興趣的讀者提供全麵、係統且實用的專業英語知識。全書共分為十個章節,涵蓋瞭國際貿易的各個核心環節,並針對每個環節所需的專業詞匯、錶達方式和商務溝通技巧進行瞭深入的講解和訓練。 第一章 國際貿易概述與基礎術語 本章首先勾勒齣國際貿易的宏觀圖景,介紹其重要性、發展趨勢以及基本原則。接著,係統梳理瞭國際貿易中最基礎、最核心的通用術語,例如:進齣口(import/export)、貿易順差/逆差(trade surplus/deficit)、關稅(tariff)、配額(quota)、自由貿易區(free trade zone)、世界貿易組織(WTO)等。通過對這些基礎術語的準確理解和運用,為後續章節的學習奠定堅實基礎。 第二章 國際貨物買賣閤同 本章聚焦於國際貨物買賣閤同的各個要素,這是國際貿易的核心法律文件。內容包括閤同的訂立(formation)、條款(terms and conditions)的構成,如:標的物(goods)、數量(quantity)、質量(quality)、價格(price)、付款方式(payment terms)、交貨方式(delivery terms)、檢驗(inspection)、保險(insurance)、爭議解決(dispute resolution)等。此外,還詳細講解瞭不同類型的貿易術語(Incoterms),如FOB(Free On Board)、CIF(Cost, Insurance, Freight)、EXW(Ex Works)等,以及它們在閤同中的具體含義和責任劃分。 第三章 國際支付與結算 本章深入探討國際貿易中的支付與結算方式,這是保障交易順利進行的關鍵環節。內容涵蓋瞭多種常用的支付工具,包括:信用證(Letter of Credit, L/C),並重點講解瞭其種類(如即期信用證、遠期信用證、可轉讓信用證等)、開證、審單、付款等流程;托收(Collection),包括付款交單(Documents against Payment, D/P)和承兌交單(Documents against Acceptance, D/A);匯款(Remittance)等。同時,還介紹瞭與支付相關的專業術語,如:匯票(Bill of Exchange)、本票(Promissory Note)、支票(Cheque)以及電匯(Telegraphic Transfer, T/T)等。 第四章 國際運輸與保險 本章詳細闡述瞭國際貨物運輸的各個方麵,以及運輸過程中風險的規避。內容包括:運輸方式的選擇(sea, air, land, multimodal transport),海運(ocean freight)的關鍵術語如:提單(Bill of Lading, B/L)的種類、性質和作用;空運(air freight)的特點和術語;陸運(land transport)的流程;以及多式聯運(multimodal transport)的優勢。在保險方麵,則著重講解瞭海洋運輸保險(marine cargo insurance)的險種,如:一切險(All Risks)、水漬險(Particular Average)、戰爭險(War Risks)、罷工險(Strikes, Riots and Civil Commotions, SR&CC)等,以及保險閤同的訂立和索賠流程。 第五章 報關與檢驗檢疫 本章聚焦於進齣口貿易中的關鍵程序——報關(customs declaration)和檢驗檢疫(inspection and quarantine)。內容包括:報關所需文件(customs documents)的準備,如:報關單(customs declaration form)、發票(invoice)、裝箱單(packing list)、原産地證明(certificate of origin)等;海關程序(customs procedures)的介紹,如:申報、查驗、徵稅、放行等;以及不同國傢和地區的海關規定(customs regulations)。在檢驗檢疫方麵,則詳細介紹商品檢驗(commodity inspection)的程序、標準和作用,以及動植物檢疫(phytosanitary and sanitary inspection)的要求。 第六章 國際市場營銷與推廣 本章將視角轉嚮國際市場的開拓與客戶的維係。內容涵蓋瞭國際市場調研(international market research)、目標市場選擇(target market selection)、産品定位(product positioning)、品牌建設(brand building)以及國際營銷策略(international marketing strategy)的製定。此外,還重點講解瞭在國際商務溝通中,如何進行有效的銷售洽談(sales negotiation)、推銷(promotion)和廣告(advertising),以及如何利用各種營銷渠道(marketing channels)拓展業務。 第七章 商務函電與溝通 本章是提升國際商務溝通能力的實用指南。內容包括:商務信函(business letters)的格式、規範和常用錶達,如:詢盤(inquiry)、報盤(quotation)、訂貨(order)、索賠(claim)、投訴(complaint)等;電子郵件(email)的撰寫技巧,強調清晰、簡潔、專業的錶達;以及商務電話(business calls)的溝通禮儀和技巧。同時,還提供瞭大量不同場景下的商務函電範例,供讀者模仿和學習。 第八章 商務談判技巧 本章旨在培養讀者的國際商務談判能力。內容詳細分析瞭商務談判的各個階段,包括:準備階段(preparation),如:明確談判目標(negotiation objectives)、研究對方(researching the counterpart)、製定談判策略(developing negotiation strategies);談判進行階段(negotiation process),講解瞭開局(opening)、議價(bargaining)、讓步(concession)、僵局打破(breaking the deadlock)等技巧;以及談判結束階段(closing the negotiation)。此外,還探討瞭不同文化背景下的談判風格差異,幫助讀者更好地應對跨文化談判。 第九章 商務禮儀與跨文化溝通 本章強調在國際貿易中,理解和運用恰當的商務禮儀(business etiquette)以及進行有效的跨文化溝通(cross-cultural communication)的重要性。內容包括:不同國傢和地區的商務交往習俗,如:稱謂(address)、問候(greeting)、送禮(gift-giving)、餐桌禮儀(dining etiquette)等;在會議(meetings)、商務拜訪(business visits)和社交活動(social events)中的行為規範;以及如何理解和尊重不同文化背景下的價值觀(values)、溝通方式(communication styles)和決策模式(decision-making patterns),避免因文化差異而産生的誤解和衝突。 第十章 國際貿易中的常見問題與案例分析 本章通過分析一係列真實的國際貿易案例(case studies),幫助讀者鞏固所學知識,並學習如何識彆和解決國際貿易中可能遇到的各種問題。案例涵蓋閤同履行中的糾紛(contractual disputes)、支付風險(payment risks)、運輸延誤(transportation delays)、海關障礙(customs obstacles)等。通過對案例的深入剖析,引導讀者運用所學的專業英語詞匯和商務知識,分析問題根源,提齣切實可行的解決方案。 本書結構清晰,內容翔實,語言地道,例證豐富,既注重理論知識的係統講解,又強調實踐應用能力的培養。通過學習本書,讀者將能夠熟練運用國際貿易專業英語進行各項商務活動,提升在國際貿易領域的專業素養和職業競爭力。