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老庄不能当饭吃,但是可以当茶喝,当清火消炎药或者当仙丹服用。
培养一种“无穷感”,这不是忽悠,而是扩充心胸的必须。为什么古今哲人都喜欢仰望星空,远眺沧海,思索,感念千古?为什么初唐诗人陈子昂的诗至今魅力不减?前不见古人,后不见来者,念天地之悠悠,独怆然而涕下!
花开一春,人活一世,有许多东西你可能说不太清楚为什么与到底怎么了,人不是因为弄清了一切的奥秘与原委才生活的,人是因为询问着、体察着、感受着与且信且疑着才享受了生活的滋味的。不知,不尽知,有所期待,有所失望,所以一切才这样迷人 内容简介
《庄子的快活》在结构上主要分三部分,一部分楷体字排印的,是《庄子》原文。另一部分仿宋字的,是笔者老王的现代汉语转述。再有宋体字排的,是老王的读后感、借题发挥、质疑与切磋。为什么不讲什么白话翻译而讲转述呢?我深感亦步亦趋地译下来,即使都译得“对”,仍然给人以文似断简、字如天书的感觉。读过白话译文,常常不是明白了,而是更加莫名其妙了。 作者简介
王蒙,1934年生于北京,河北南皮人。著名作家。著有小说、散文、诗歌、文学评论等作品多部,至今仍笔耕不辍。近年来,在传统文化研究方面著有《老子的帮助》、《老子十八讲》、《庄子的享受》等。 目录
序诗共舞的感觉
骈拇:人类为何如此多事
一 仁义道德的规范与说教,当真是这样多馀吗
二 不合常情必然会多忧多事
三 不认你的规矩,也就不受你的制
四 不要为了后天的目标而为难自身
马蹄:东方古典的阿凡达乌托邦
一 伯乐恰是害马的罪人
二 治理精明,仁义高唱,天下从此多事
三 圣人之过,文明之罪,呜呼
肤箧:圣人究竟为谁效劳
一 加锁又有何用,他偷走了你整个箱子
二 庄子戳穿了一个秘密:盗亦有道,道亦可盗
三 庄子的惊世之论:圣人不死,大盗不止
四 是智巧与知识造成了乱局吗
在宥:治理的限度与虚位有国论
一 一些一心求治的人,其实是在乱天下
二 治天下者多么愚蠢,多么狼狈,多么害人
三 堂堂黄帝,最后还是要向广成子学道
四 去智去虑,解心释神,同乎浑沌,你得道了
五 什么样的境界才称得上高
六 怎么办呢,没的可做也还得做一点
天地:登高四望,满目珠玑还是满目垃圾
一 原于德而成于天,妙语东方不败
二 智力、目光、迅捷,硬是体悟不了抽象模糊的道性
三 好事令人忧,真正的圣人不忧
四 德衰刑立乱始,庄子的警钟长鸣
五 回到泰初,回到本原,这个世界要不要重新格式化一次
六 儒家的说教是螳臂当车
七 正因为大道太高明了,便也能令人走火入魔
八 俗言常胜,至言难出,智者无奈矣
九 失性论,对于所谓成功者的警示
天道:难以用语言文字表达与传授的大道
一 虚静恬淡,天道无积,天也乐来人也乐
二 纵向分工思想的萌芽:上无为,下有为
三 仁政是不是装模作样
四 太精明的人是不受信赖的
五 永远不使自己的精神陷入重围
六 语言文字记录下来的糟粕而已
天运:天地与生命的乐章
一 庄子的天问
二 将仁义虚空化,然后是一片光明纯素
三 大道与自然的宏伟交响
四 人不该作茧自缚
五 仁义可以临时借居,不可久宿
六 相濡以沫,不如相忘于江湖
七 六经不过是先王之陈迹,除了庄子,谁敢这样说
刻意:高论怨诽还是淡然无极
一 不要刻意打造自己
二 恬淡虚无,若浮若化,不虑不谋,养神之道
缮性:拯救你自己
一 反潮流的夫子自道
二 警惕人类文明的下衰可能
三 破除官迷心窍的最有力的说法
秋水:灵性与思辨的一片汪洋
一 望洋兴叹,伟哉
二 河与海进一步讨论大小、内外、让争、精粗、贵贱、盈虚、为不为、然不然……
三 腿再多,无需策划举步先后;包围再严,无需劳碌解围招法
四 庄子的高论能将小打小闹的公孙龙彻底摆平
五 宁愿在泥泞中摇摇尾巴
六 向往庄子还是向往秋水中的白条鱼
至乐:超越得失、生死、变易的最高端的快乐
一 什么是至高的快乐,世俗的看法太糊涂
二 通达易变,超越死生
三 因人而异,因事而异,不可照搬与攀比
四 生有死,死有生,虫生豹,马中再生出入来
达生:醉汉不伤与操舟若神
一 与天地合一,就能千秋不坏
二 实现与自然与大道的融合,接受天道的护佑
三 凝神者百粘百中,忘水者操舟若神
四 牧羊对于养生的启示:注意弱项与病灶
五 为什么有时候人为自己打算不如为猪打算更明白
六 思霸成病,白日见鬼
七 呆若木鸡幻想曲
八 从能工巧匠的长技怎样升华到对于大道的体悟
九 修养到了家,该忘的自然就都忘了
山木:哑雁的尴尬、黄雀的教训与空舟的浩荡
一 急中生智的答复:有与无之间
二 知道的多了,难免会犯蠢
三 空船论当真是千古绝唱
四 募捐的关键是真正做到自愿,这个提法很先进也很普适
五 不要自我膨胀,不要塑造自己,不要自讨苦吃
六 螳螂捕蝉,黄雀在后
七 美者自美,吾不知其美也
田子方:牛啊,庄生
一 田子方两句话,温伯雪子一露面,就把魏文侯、孔丘等摆平了
二 颜渊从孔子那里学“忘”的哲学
三 老子的终极关怀当然能摆平孔子
四 摆平鲁哀公,然后一个又一个、一堆又一堆地摆平
五 周文王既有眼光又能玩花招,接着摆平下去吧
六 真人当然不将官职放在眼里
知北游:天地有大美而不言
一 道是可知与可言的吗
……
后记 精彩书摘
然后是旷日持久的马人之战。马当然不是人的对手,今日之伯乐不仅有铁刺与皮鞭,而且有麻醉子弹,有畜用镇静剂,有电击强驯化手段,有“无痛阉割”的兽医技巧,而且有在驯化野生动物上取得了无限成功之后的编剧、导演、艺术家、后现代学者卡梅隆等,拍出《阿凡达》这样的高文明、高技巧、高票房、悲天悯人、爱及外星的影片。人们会给众马匹,包括潘多拉星球上的六条腿的潘多拉烈马,放映人类的自省影片,让马儿们感动得涕泪横流,高呼万岁,同时向动物进行教育,人类是多么伟大,人类是多么富有反思精神,你们万万不可有什么过激行为,你们应该等待美国海军陆战队中的伟大人道主义者杰克-萨,幸福永远属于你们。
从《阿凡达》中我们还会惊异于思想与利润的结合,好的思想加艺术加技术加史无前例的投资,能够获得市场上的空前成功,据说《阿凡达》的票房已经超过了《泰坦尼克号》。而如果庄子活到今天,他的著作一定可以使他进入作家富豪榜。当今的世界更乱乎了,理不出头绪来了。谁能想像庄子将如何对待市场与出版事业体制的改革呢?越是骂市场就越畅销,这是一种可能。越是不畅销就越骂市场,这也很可能。
真正到了庄子的份儿上,不会怕市场,也不会怕不市场。他说过,成了“真人”,入水不湿,入火不烫(《大宗师》)。苏联歌词叫做“我们,火里不怕燃烧,水里不会下沉”。庄子后来被封为南华真人,他有资格加一两句歌词:“我们钱里不会发晕,没钱也不至于发狠!”
有一点值得沉思:为什么某些成功的洋大片总算还有点思想,哪怕是不无做作的思想秀,足够使全世界的中学生五体投地……而我们的一部部影片却总是要搞白痴秀呢? 前言/序言
本书讨论的对象是《庄子·外篇》文本,尽管对外篇的来历与著者有不同的说法,其内容与文字仍然是极有兴味与深度的,是值得为之写一本或不止一本书的。
本书在结构上主要分三部分,一部分楷体字排印的,是《庄子》原文。另一部分仿宋字的,是笔者老王的现代汉语转述。再有宋体字排的,是老王的读后感、借题发挥、质疑与切磋。为什么不讲什么白话翻译而讲转述呢?我深感亦步亦趋地译下来,即使都译得“对”,仍然给人以文似断简、字如天书的感觉。读过白话译文,常常不是明白了,而是更加莫名其妙了。文言与白话之间,并不存在绝对的字对字、词对词、句对句的对应关系,需要有所分析,有所连结,有所破解,乃至不可能完全没有猜测。我最喜欢的是庄子对于古书好比古人的鞋印的说法。鞋印不是鞋,更不是脚丫子,离活人很远。但庄周的最大魅力是他的超级活性。老王追求的不仅是考察鞋印,而且是恢复庄周这个大活人,比活人还活百倍的智者,让我们一起去号他的脉搏,去听他的心跳,去与他抬杠,去给他鼓掌,去与他推推搡搡,也搂搂抱抱,说得更好一点就是与庄共舞。与庄共舞,其乐何如!
《 Zhuangzi's Delight 》 An Exploration of Philosophy, Art, and the Human Spirit The ancient Chinese philosopher Zhuang Zhou, known to posterity as Zhuangzi, remains a figure of profound and enduring fascination. His writings, particularly the eponymous Zhuangzi, offer a unique and often paradoxical perspective on life, the universe, and humanity's place within them. Zhuangzi's Delight is not a mere retelling of his anecdotes or a dry academic analysis of his philosophical tenets. Instead, it embarks on a journey of exploration, seeking to illuminate the vibrant tapestry of thought and feeling that Zhuangzi's work evokes, and its relevance to our contemporary world. This book delves into the heart of Zhuangzi's philosophy, not by dissecting it into digestible fragments, but by immersing the reader in its spirit. We will move beyond simplistic interpretations of "nihilism" or "escapism" often misattributed to his teachings. Instead, we will uncover the profound joy and liberation that lie at the core of his worldview. Zhuangzi's Delight aims to reveal how his ideas on the relativity of perspective, the nature of knowledge, and the acceptance of change can serve as powerful antidotes to the anxieties and pressures of modern existence. One of the primary threads woven through this exploration is the concept of "wu wei" (无为), often translated as "non-action" or "effortless action." However, this term carries a far richer meaning than mere passivity. Zhuangzi's Delight will unpack the nuanced understanding of "wu wei" as acting in accordance with the natural flow of things, without force or artificial contrivance. We will examine how this principle, far from advocating for idleness, encourages a state of profound engagement with the world, characterized by spontaneity, adaptability, and intuitive wisdom. Through vivid examples and insightful comparisons, the book will demonstrate how embracing "wu wei" can lead to greater effectiveness, peace, and a deeper connection with oneself and the environment. The book will also dedicate significant attention to Zhuangzi's radical perspective on knowledge and truth. He masterfully employs allegory and paradox to challenge our fixed notions of what constitutes "knowing." The famous "butterfly dream" is not just a whimsical tale; it is a profound interrogation of the boundaries between reality and illusion, subjective experience and objective truth. Zhuangzi's Delight will explore how Zhuangzi's skepticism towards rigid dogma and his embrace of ambiguity invite us to question our assumptions, to be open to multiple interpretations, and to find wisdom not in definitive answers, but in the continuous process of inquiry and wonder. This approach, the book argues, is not only intellectually liberating but also essential for navigating a world of ever-increasing complexity and information overload. Furthermore, Zhuangzi's Delight will investigate the artistic and poetic dimensions of Zhuangzi's writing. His prose is renowned for its imaginative flights, its vivid imagery, and its playful humor. We will explore how his literary style is not merely a vehicle for his philosophy but an integral part of it, demonstrating the interconnectedness of aesthetics and ethics. The book will discuss how Zhuangzi uses metaphors, fables, and personification to convey profound insights in a way that resonates deeply with our emotional and imaginative faculties. This will involve examining his masterful use of language to evoke a sense of wonder, to inspire awe, and to cultivate a playful and open-hearted approach to life's challenges. A crucial aspect of Zhuangzi's philosophy that Zhuangzi's Delight will illuminate is his attitude towards death and impermanence. Rather than fearing the inevitable dissolution of form, Zhuangzi offers a vision of acceptance and even celebration. He likens the transformation of life to the changing seasons, to the shedding of old skin by a snake, to the constant flux of the natural world. This book will explore how his perspective can help us to confront our own mortality with greater equanimity, to appreciate the preciousness of each moment, and to embrace the continuous cycle of birth, death, and rebirth as an integral part of the cosmic dance. The book will also engage with the ethical implications of Zhuangzi's philosophy. While not offering a prescriptive moral code, his ideas on compassion, humility, and the interconnectedness of all beings offer a profound foundation for ethical living. We will see how his emphasis on transcending self-centeredness and cultivating a broader, more inclusive perspective naturally leads to a more benevolent and harmonious way of interacting with others. The concept of "ren" (仁), often translated as benevolence or humaneness, finds a unique expression in Zhuangzi's thought, not as a set of rules, but as an inherent quality that arises from a deep understanding of the Tao. Throughout Zhuangzi's Delight, the aim is to foster a personal connection with Zhuangzi's enduring wisdom. This is not an academic treatise meant for the ivory tower, but an invitation for the reader to engage actively with these profound ideas. The book will provide ample opportunity for reflection, encouraging readers to consider how Zhuangzi's insights can be applied to their own lives – their relationships, their work, their creative pursuits, and their understanding of the world around them. In essence, Zhuangzi's Delight seeks to capture the essence of Zhuangzi's unique brand of wisdom: a wisdom that is simultaneously playful and profound, liberating and deeply grounding, ancient and eternally relevant. It is a journey into the heart of a philosophy that teaches us not how to conquer the world, but how to find contentment within it, not how to impose our will, but how to flow with the currents of existence, and ultimately, how to discover an unshakeable delight in the simple, miraculous fact of being alive. The book aspires to be a companion for those seeking a more meaningful, joyful, and authentic existence, drawing inspiration from one of history's most remarkable and enduring thinkers. It is a testament to the power of ancient wisdom to illuminate the path towards a richer, more fulfilling present.