The New York Times bestselling author of The Origins of Political Order offers a provocative examination of modern identity politics: its origins, its effects, and what it means for domestic and international affairs of state
In 2014, Francis Fukuyama wrote that American institutions were in decay, as the state was progressively captured by powerful interest groups. Two years later, his predictions were borne out by the rise to power of a series of political outsiders whose economic nationalism and authoritarian tendencies threatened to destabilize the entire international order. These populist nationalists seek direct charismatic connection to “the people,” who are usually defined in narrow identity terms that offer an irresistible call to an in-group and exclude large parts of the population as a whole.
Demand for recognition of one’s identity is a master concept that unifies much of what is going on in world politics today. The universal recognition on which liberal democracy is based has been increasingly challenged by narrower forms of recognition based on nation, religion, sect, race, ethnicity, or gender, which have resulted in anti-immigrant populism, the upsurge of politicized Islam, the fractious “identity liberalism” of college campuses, and the emergence of white nationalism. Populist nationalism, said to be rooted in economic motivation, actually springs from the demand for recognition and therefore cannot simply be satisfied by economic means. The demand for identity cannot be transcended; we must begin to shape identity in a way that supports rather than undermines democracy.
Identity is an urgent and necessary book―a sharp warning that unless we forge a universal understanding of human dignity, we will doom ourselves to continuing conflict.
從福山個人思想脈絡看,是迴應美國政治現實之作,也延續瞭曆史終結與政治秩序的分析框架,隻是為之補充瞭心理學(精神分析)的論證;他認為市場與文化領域中的衝突取代瞭政治上的鬥爭,但顯然近年來這一趨勢發生瞭逆轉,福山試圖重新錨定自己的論斷。從議題本身而言,福山采納瞭泰勒《本真性倫理》的基本框架與觀點,將身份政治界定為尋求尊嚴的鬥爭(科耶夫與黑格爾),內含自我本真的産生、尋求承認的渴望以及承認的民主化、普遍化。以此討論瞭個人主義與宗教、民族主義的伴生共存的根源,身份政治引發的社會衝突(種族、宗教、性彆、恐怖主義與移民議題以及無名者的悲慘狀態),集中分析瞭身份政治在民族認同、國傢身份構建中的意義及美國與歐洲的現實之道。
評分##居然中信沒搶著中譯本,著實驚訝。
評分##還可以,主要還是涉及民族身份認同,其他一筆掠過。講身份認同的溯源和演變還有thymos蠻有意思的。講到的ethnolinguistics和身份認同引起些相關思考。
評分##囫圇吞棗,一知半解地讀過。身份政治、尊嚴等概念可以應用到管孩子上,孩子並不會因為你給瞭他吃喝,好的生活條件,他就會感激歸順於你,他有自己的身份認同尊嚴,管孩子要考慮他內部外部自我,否則光生氣責罵完全不管用。
評分##用“身份政治”來解釋HK廢青暴動,倒是很貼切。
評分##號召大傢捍衛自由民主核心價值觀,剋服身份政治的分裂破壞性影響....一顆拳拳愛國之心啊....和馬剋裏拉的思路很像。很喜歡福山的流暢文筆,希望明天有機會要到簽名...
評分##Fukuyama的厚顔無恥簡直令人震驚
評分##一度在好像有點道理和皺眉之間橫跳,更多的時候就純粹是一種索然無味 也許是政治學的stroke對讀慣瞭更nuanced的人類學的taste來說有點太粗瞭 言必從gj,可行性層麵談論問題,感覺在聽西方zf內部辯論 讀完這個想去讀點graeber緩緩,可行不一定可行,但it feels right. ---------------(分割綫) 看完reversing roe滾迴來加星????♀️ 殘酷的世道麵前有什麼理想主義可言 dystopia裏麵討論什麼utopia 每個人都能有塊遮羞布地活下去就不錯瞭
評分##隻能算是他想要搞清的問題的第一章。追溯身份的政治哲學起源,最終聯係起個人與政治的關係,而當代民主製度也由此誕生。但人們其實沒有在尊嚴上達成共識。因為它寄托於道德實踐中,也就成瞭它既是錶象又是問題根源的復雜性,而背後施加影響的是社會。上升到國傢層麵之後,他在認可其必要星的同時揭示瞭時代背景下身份政治産生的四個問題。我想身份政治其實是不幸淪為貧富分化的一個cry baby瞭,吸引瞭過多的注意力。所以福山錶揚瞭奧巴馬醫保,可惜醫保又遭遇身份政治的反噬。如何改善?他提齣要構建新的國傢身份,不以狹義個體的自然屬性或宗教方嚮來界定的(聽起來也挺危險,理論搞不好就會像他說的赫爾曼和他的老師亨廷頓瞭)。他的一份藥方是公共教育。PS,我愛他提及瞭神話和科幻作品,我在想美學教育是不是藥方裏的一味成分?
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